This study presents the results of a systematic review on the prevalence of sexual abuse experienced in adulthood by individuals with intellectual disability. An electronic and manual search of academic journals was performed on four databases via EBSCO Host: Academic Search Complete, PsycINFO, Medline, CINAHL Full-Text. In addition, PubMed, ProQuest, and Web of Science (core collection) were searched. After an initial selection of 1037 documents, 25 articles remained for quantitative synthesis. The combined prevalence of sexual abuse in adults with intellectual disability was 32.9% (95% CI: 22.7–43.0) and sensitivity analysis revealed that the prevalence was not outweighed by a single study. Overall, the United Kingdom had the highest prevalence (r = 34.1%), and the USA had the lowest (r = 15.2%). The overall prevalence in females was lower (r = 31.8%) than that in males (r = 39.9%). Subgroup analyses revealed that prevalence of sexual abuse was higher in institutionalized individuals. The most prevalent profile of abuser is of a peer with intellectual disability. Prevalence increases from mild to severe levels of intellectual disability and decreases in profound levels. It is also more prevalent when the informant is the individual with intellectual disability than when someone else reports abuse. In sum, one in three adults with intellectual disability suffers sexual abuse in adulthood. Special attention should be paid for early detection and intervention in high risk situations.

Children left behind while their parents immigrate or travel for employment are becoming a widespread phenomenon for economic reasons, creating potentially stressful and inadequate developmental support for a substantial portion of some countries' working class populations. This study assessed the emotional status and coping skills of two matched samples of 163 Romanian children left behind and 163 comparable children living with their parents. The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children, the Anger Expression Scale for Children, the Short Mood and Feelings Questionnaire, and the Children's Coping Strategies Checklist were utilized. Higher anxiety and depression were observed in left-behind children compared to the control group living with parents. Hierarchical multiple regression supported the relevance of coping strategies, controlled for sociodemographic characteristics, to help explain anxiety in left-behind children. Strategies to promote psychological health and general well being are discussed.

El trabajo que se presenta tiene como objetivo analizar las semejanzas y diferencias en la salud y en la calidad de vida de los cuidadores familiares y profesionales que atienden a personas mayores en situación de dependencia. Concretamente se presentan los resultados obtenidos tras la evaluación de 600 cuidadores de los cuales un 33,83% son familiares y un 66,17% son profesionales, a quienes se evaluó la carga o estrés experimentado, la salud física y psicológica y la calidad de vida general, laboral, familiar y social. Los resultados obtenidos indican que existen diferencias entre ambos grupos de cuidadores. Los familiares dedicados al cuidado presentan mayores niveles de sobrecarga y tienen una peor salud física y psicológica como consecuencia de la atención prestada al dependiente. Los cuidadores profesionales experimentan una mayor satisfacción con la vida en general y con otros factores como el trabajo, la familia y las relaciones sociales. Finalmente se justifica la necesidad de poner en marcha intervenciones de mejora de la salud de los cuidadores.Palabras clave: Cuidadores, sobrecarga, salud, calidad de vida, dependencia.Health and quality of life of family and professional caregivers of dependent elderly: a comparative study. The work presented aims to analyze the similarities and differences in health and quality of life of family caregivers and professionals serving seniors in a position of dependency. Specifically, the results presented were obtained from the evaluation of 600 caregivers, of which 33.83% are family and 66.17% are professionals, to determine their burden or stress experienced, as well as their physical and psychological health and their overall, work, family and social quality of life. The results indicate that there are differences between the two groups of caregivers. The family caregivers have higher levels of overload and have poorer physical and psychological health as a result of their tasks. Professional caregivers experience greater satisfaction with life in general and in other factors such as work, family and social relationships. Finally, this justifies the need to implement interventions to improve the health of caregivers.

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Aim: To present a protocol study directed at tackling gender discrimination against Roma girls by empowering their mattering so they can envision their own futures and choose motherhood only if—and when—they are ready. Background: Motherhood among Roma girls (RGM) in Europe impoverishes their lives, puts them at risk of poor physical and mental health and precipitates school dropouts. Overwhelming evidence affirms that the conditions of poverty and the social exclusionary processes they suffer have a very important explanatory weight in their sexual and reproductive decisions. Methods: Through a Community-based Participatory Action Research design, 20–25 Roma girls will be recruited in each one of the four impoverished communities in Bulgaria, Romania and Spain. Data collection and analysis: Desk review about scientific evidences and policies will be carried out to frame the problem. Narratives of Roma women as well as baseline and end line interviews of girl participants will be collected through both qualitative and quantitative techniques. Quantitative data will be gathered through reliable scales of mattering, socio–political agency, satisfaction with life and self. A narrative analysis of the qualitative information generated in the interviews will be carried out. Expected results: (1) uncover contextual and psychosocial patterns of girl-motherhood among Roma women; (2) build critical thinking among Roma girls to actively participate in all decisions affecting them and advocate for their own gender rights within their communities; and (3) empower Roma girls and their significant adults to critically evaluate their own initiatives and provide feedback to their relevant stakeholders. Conclusions: Roma girls will improve their educational aspirations and achievements and their social status while respecting and enhancing Roma values.

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In a rapidly changing world, the mission of education deserves some reflection. Mutual understanding and assessment between trainers and trainees offers a way to promote discussion concerning goals, values, and strategies that should be promoted at schools. This study offers the views of 153 pre-service teachers and their respective trainers during their practicum. We aimed to determine if an association exists between the scores of pre-service teachers and teachers regarding behaviors and attitudes shown by the first. We also want to analyze the extent to which pre-service teachers rate the importance of different educational strategies as well as the extent to which teachers use these strategies in their daily work. We also aim to determine to what extent self-rated behaviors and attitudes of pre-service teachers are associated to their ratings on importance and utilization of different educational strategies. Two questionnaires were utilized to gather the data. Results revealed higher scores on self-evaluation than others' evaluations; utilization of diverse educational strategies was associated to evaluations on pre-service students' responsibility, ability to detect and meet students' needs, and final grade in practicum. Association between pre-service teachers' self-evaluation and evaluation on the importance of different educational strategies revealed large associations between climate for the expression of ideas, teaching methodology, and the importance given to using language appropriate to the level of the students. Average ratings on importance and utilization of different teaching strategies resulted in high scores, with utilization of teaching methodologies obtaining the lowest scores. Gender resulted in significant differences on importance, with women scoring higher than men. Importance scores were significantly higher than utilization scores. High associations were found between self-and others' evaluations on values related to compliance with rules, as well as on behaviors associated to maintain order and discipline in the classroom. Differences in views of teaching, importance, and utilization of different teaching strategies should be debated in order to advance our understanding of effectiveness of educational practices.

En nuestra sociedad el empleo representa uno de los aspectos más importantes que condicionan nuestra vida y relaciones e incluso nuestra salud. El trabajo constituye una de las actividades fundamentales de la vida. Sin embargo, el acceso al mismo se encuentra condicionado por una serie de variables personales y contextuales que, en interacción, se convierten en barreras para la participación en la sociedad. Un grupo tradicionalmente excluido es el compuesto por personas con discapacidad. El objetivo de este trabajo consistió en: 1) Evaluar las percepciones de los trabajadores con discapacidad intelectual sobre su calidad de vida laboral; 2) Conocer las principales actitudes, barreras y oportunidades que favorecen y/o dificultan el empleo en estos trabajadores; y 3) Identificar áreas de intervención para mejorar la calidad de vida laboral en los trabajadores y organizaciones. Para ello se analizaron las opiniones expresadas por 12 trabajadores con discapacidad intelectual que actualmente trabajaban en Empleo con Apoyo (ECA) utilizando metodologías cualitativas a través del procedimiento de grupos focales y mediante el análisis de fragmentos textuales. Los resultados obtenidos pusieron de manifiesto que la calidad de vida laboral es un constructo multidimensional formado por indicadores objetivos y subjetivos, y que las actitudes, barreras y oportunidades percibidas por los trabajadores impactan en su bienestar. Finalmente se proponen estrategias para mejorar los servicios orientados hacia el empleo normalizado de personas con discapacidad intelectual. 1.AntecedentesEn nuestra sociedad el empleo representa uno de los aspectos más importantes que condiciona nuestra vida, nuestras relaciones e incluso nuestra salud.Se puede decir que es un pilar fundamental y una de las principales actividades en las sociedades industrializadas (Salanova, Gracia y Peiró, 1996). El trabajo organiza la vida de las personas y contribuye también a su desarrollo económico y al bienestar social de la comunidad (Super, 1980). Sin embargo, el acceso al mismo se encuentra condicionado por una serie de variables personales y contextuales que, en interacción, se convierten en barreras para la participación en la sociedad.Un grupo tradicionalmente excluido es el compuesto por personas con discapacidad. Se calcula que a nivel mundial, un 10% de la población se encuentra afectada por discapacidad de los que un 5% se relaciona con una discapacidad intelectual. Como es bien sabido, la sociedad tiende a mostrar actitudes negativas (rechazo, sobreprotección, negación de derechos) hacia las personas pertenecientes a minorías, ya sea por razones étnicas, religiosas, culturales o, como es el caso que nos ocupa, por presentar capacidades diferentes o "inferiores a la media".Aunque la normalización e inclusión se han extendido a nivel mundial y actualmente contemos con sociedades más concienciadas, sigue siendo necesario actuar enérgicamente contra los factores asociados a la segregación social de las personas con discapacidad ya que cada vez exi...