This paper investigates the state of food security in Romania and its place in the world. We analysed the level of food security indicators for 1990-2012, in Romania, and their average levels worldwide. References are also made to developed and developing countries. The research seeks to answer the questions: Is food security achieved in Romania and, if so, what kind of structural changes can be made towards improving food quality and people's living standards? As indicators show, the findings indicate that food security is ensured, on average, in Romania. Dietary energy supply is above dietary energy requirements, the ratio of cereals import dependency is below its average level worldwide, and the daily diet is balanced between vegetal and animal origin food. Having solved the quantitative aspect of food security, Romania can look towards improving the qualitative aspects of it. In this regard, organic food may be considered as a direction of developing sustainable agricultural economy.
Nowadays, agriculture is facing a special challengeto produce more food for a growing population, while reducing greenhouse gas emissions caused by food production. This piece of research is focused on the impact of agriculture on climate change, starting from the assumption that agriculture is affected by climate variability, but also it contributes to it by emitting greenhouse gases, under the restriction of less per capita land. The paper analyses the connection between agricultural emissions and agricultural output, using a simple regression model, which includes variables corresponding to agricultural production and to greenhouse gas emissions. The results of the research highlight the fact that agricultural production has direct effects on greenhouse gas emissions and, thereby, on climate change. The relevance of the research consists in rising awareness of the emergency to integrate climate change in policies and actions related to food security at all levels. Moreover, the paper contributes to the enrichment of scientific literature, because it presents empirical evidence supporting the different effects of agricultural practices on the environment in Romania, with implications for climate change, a scientific direction that has been little studied in other papers.
In contemporary agricultural based economies, smallholder farmers are encouraged to organize and reunite themselves into different forms of association, for overcoming major challenges and obstacles imposed by the market functionality and barriers, land grabbing and land fragmentations, ownership rights or reducing transaction costs. But farmers are often resistant to associate, due to the way in which cooperation was made in the previous regime in Romania. The objectives of this paper are to identify both the farmers' willingness to associate in any associative form, considering the current economic context in which cooperatives are established on voluntary bases, and also to highlight the determinants of their willingness to join an associative form from the broad perspective of a short supply chain. The research is specific targeted to for vegetables and fruits producers. The results provide an overview of the intensions of the farmers' willingness to associate and create better comprehension of this situation in the Romanian agriculture. Consequently, the paper points out, that the probability of farmers' willingness to adhere to a associative form or in a short supply chain environmental responsible is often hampering by factors as: age, education level, cultivated area, activity type, year of establishment, opportunities to access financial support which confirms the gap between economic necessity to associate and the traditional restrictions.
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