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Background:Physicians are often patients' first point of contact for management of nontraumatic dental conditions (NTDCs). Objective: To evaluate the knowledge and practices of Ontario physicians in managing NTDCs. Methods: A scenario-based online survey was distributed to Ontario family and emergency physicians (n = 1012). Descriptive and logistic regression analyses were performed. Results: 204 surveys were completed (20.2% response rate). A majority of the sampled physicians would prescribe antibiotics for NTDC scenarios in which an antibiotic would not be indicated. Antibiotic overprescribing was significantly associated with practicing in smaller communities and with patient pressures. About half of the sample (52.9%) felt discomfort in overall management of NTDCs, while 85.3% felt that their training inadequately prepared them to manage NTDCs. Conclusions: Ontario physicians report NTDC management practices that are not in line with "best evidence" care. Areas that present opportunities for improvement in the physician management of NTDCs have been identified.iii