Diabetic retinopathy may be the most common microvascular complication of diabetes. Retinopathy develops in one of every four diabetics which is major cause of visual impairment. In addition to the micro and macrovascular complications of DM, the potential association between Metabolic syndrome and DR has been also investigated but with inconclusive results Aims & Objective: Comparative evaluation of the severity of diabetic macular oedema in patients with and without metabolic syndrome and the association between Diabetic macular oedema with biochemical parameters (HbA1c, blood sugar, Serum triglycerides, HDL, LDL, VLDL) and Physical parameter (BMI and Waist Circumference). Materials and Methods: Hospital-based prospective observational Study involved 80 patients of diabetic macular oedema carried out over a period of 18 months from January 2018 to June 2019. Based on criteria of metabolic syndrome they were divided into two groups: 1) with metabolic syndrome 2) without metabolic syndrome. Socio demographic profile, macular thickness, biochemical parameters and physical parameters were recorded. Results: Out of 80 patients, 57 (71.2%) were male and 23 (28.8%) were female. Mean age of the patients in metabolic syndrome group was 53.68±4.7 years while mean age of the patients without metabolic syndrome was 56.07±10.14 years. Macular thickness was significantly high in both eyes in subjects with metabolic syndrome compare to without metabolic syndrome. Macular thickness of both eye was found to be positively correlated with HbA1C level (for right eye r = 0.50; for left eye r =0.27) and mean arterial blood pressure eyes (r = 0.41 for right eye & r =0.38 for left eyes). In our study apart from VLDL and HDL no correlation was seen with other individual cholesterol parameters like Total Cholesterol, LDL and triglycerides. Conslusion: In conclusion, Metabolic syndrome and few of its components (BMI, MAP) were significantly associated with an increased risk of macular thickness. However, considering the limitations existed, further studies would be urgently necessary.
According to the World Health Organization, glaucoma is the leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. Although intraocular pressure (IOP) is not considered any more to be a defining feature of the disease, its lowering remains the only treatment option for glaucoma. Therefore accurate and precise measurement of IOP is the cornerstone of glaucoma. Intraocular pressure is a highly dynamic physiological parameter with individual circadian rhythms. The main limitation of current tonometry methods remains the static and mostly office-based nature of their measurements.
Purpose:The aim was to study the pattern of uveitis and any seasonal variation in the incidence of uveitis at a tertiary care hospital. Methods: A observational study was conducted on 150 patients of all new uveitis cases between August 2019 to August 2021 at a tertiary care hospital, J.L.N. medical college and hospital, Ajmer, Rajasthan. We grouped the months into winter, autumn, monsoon, spring and summer according to Indian season. Patients were screened a detailed clinical and laboratory investigation to nd out there clinical etiological causes. Results: There was male predominance (56.7%) with male to female ratio 1.3:1. We found more unilateral (76%) uveitis with more Right eye (38.7%) involvement. Anterior uveitis 97(64.66%) followed by 26(17.34%) Posterior uveitis, 23(15.34%) Intermediate uveitis and rest 4 (2.66%) Panuveitis in anatomical presentation. The incidence of uveitis increases in winter season 49(32.7%) followed by spring 35(23.3%), autumn 33(22.0%), monsoon 26(17.3%) and summer 7(4.7%). Conclusions: Non-infectious uveitis were more common followed by infectious. Idiopathic and HLA-B27 associated uveitis were most common entity and ocular tuberculosis was leading cause of infectious entity. Seasonally uveitis were more in winter, spring and less in summer.
Introduction- The aim of the study was to evaluate and compare the efcacy and safety of topical Tacrolimus (0.1%) as compared to topical Cyclosporine (0.05%) in treatment of vernal keratoconjunctivitis patients. Methodology- A Prospective, comparative, interventional study was conducted in 142 patients of VKC between February 2020 to august 2021 attending the ophthalmic outpatient department of our hospital. Patients were screened for inclusion and exclusion criteria and included in the study after obtaining informed, written consent from the patients or their guardian. Right eye was be treated with Cyclosporine (0.05%) eye drop th th th twice daily and the left eye was treated with Tacrolimus (0.1%) eye ointment twice daily for 2 months. Patients were followed up on 15 , 30 , 60 st day on medication. Then the treatment was withdrawn and patients were reviewed after 4 weeks. At each follow up and at 1 visit patients symptoms were graded, recorded and compared as Total Subjective Symptoms Score (TSSS) and Total Objective ocular sign Score (TOSS). Result -Both TOSS and TSSS decreased in both the eye consistently without any effect on Intra-ocular pressure. Improvement in scores was more in left eye. But scores increased after the withdrawal of drug, still lower than baseline scores. Conclusion - Disease has greater propensity in males. Both the drugs were found to be effective and safe, but 0.1% Tacrolimus eye ointment found to be superior than 0.05% Cyclosporine eye drop. Only side effect with tacrolimus eye ointment was stinging sensation on instillation of drug.
To evaluate the safety and efficacy of (0.01%) topical atropine in controlling the progressive myopia in children. Materials and Methods: Clinical study entitled as Placebo-controlled, safety and efficacy study of (.01%) topical atropine in children with progressive myopia. In this prospective case control study 80 children with regular follow-up were divided into a subgroup of 40 children who received atropine eyedrops (0.01%) every night, and a subgroup of 40 children, who remained untreated, served as controls. The changes in refraction and axial length of 160 eyes in 80 children were collected and compared for patients treated with 0.01% atropine eyedrop and those with 0.5% carboxymethylcellulose eye drops (control) at 6 months, 12 months and 24 months. The initial spherical equivalent of refractive status range was between -1.5 and -14.25 DS. Result: Mean myopia progression for the group of patients treated with 0.01% atropine eye drop was -0.34 ± 0.43 DS/year, significantly lower than that of the control group of -1.08 ± 0.57 DS/year and axial length 0.12+0.23mm/year (cases)compared to controls 0.48+0.29mm/year with p value <0.05. Conclusion: 0.01% atropine is effective in controlling progression of myopia in children age group 5-16 years with no side effects.
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