About a decade ago, the agile manufacturing paradigm was formulated in response to the constantly changing`new economy' and as a basis for returning to global competitiveness. While agility means di erent things to di erent enterprises under di erent contexts, the following elements capture its essential concept: agility is characterized by cooperativeness and synergism (possibly resulting in virtual corporations), by a strategic vision that enables thriving in face of continuous and unpredictable change, by the responsive creation and delivery of customer-valued, high quality and mass customized goods/services, by nimble organization structures of a knowledgeable and empowered workforce, and facilitated by an information infrastructure that links constituent partners in a uni®ed electronic network. During this period, a signi®cant amount of attention from both the academic and industrial communities has produced a large body of results in research and development related to this topic. Each contribution has tackled a di erent aspect of this large ®eld. In this paper, we review a wide range of recent literature on agile manufacturing. About 73 papers from premier scienti®c journals and conferences have been reviewed, and a classi®cation scheme to organize these is proposed. We critique these bodies of work and suggest directions for additional research and identify topics where fruitful opportunities exist.

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