Paget's disease of the breast is a rare type of cancer of the nipple–areola complex and that is often associated with an underlying in situ or invasive carcinoma. Diagnosis and treatment of Paget's disease is controversial. Expert oncologists discuss on the update on the approaches of Paget's disease diagnosis and its treatment options. This expert group used data from published literature, practical experience and opinion of a large group of academic oncologists to arrive at this practical consensus recommendations for the benefit of community oncologists.
The wide spectrum of variations in the types of cleft lip and cleft palate has made standardized and inclusive classification difficult. This article introduces a new method for recording all types of cleft lip and cleft palate for data storage and communication. The proposed Expression System incorporates the actual words for the anatomical structures affected by clefts and can describe in a quickly understood form, without the need to consult reference materials, the location and extent of both typical and atypical clefts. The Expression System overcomes several limitations of previous cleft registration methods, and its simplicity and precision will benefit dental and medical specialists by furthering inter- and intradisciplinary communication.
Effect of the pro and anti-inflammatory cytokines like (TNF-α, IL-6, CRP) has been reported in insulin signaling pathways, cross-linking and ultimately developing insulin resistance in β-cells of pancreas which further risks to T2DM. Stability among these Pro and anti-inflammatory cytokines is necessary to make β-cells immune to any infection which may lead to T2DM. →What this article adds: Our experimental findings provide evidence that the pattern and variation of these cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, CRP, and WBC) are important in the pathogenesis of T2DM. The significant correlation of these inflammatory mediators in T2DM cases with glycemic profile and insulin sensitivity leads to the pathogenesis of diseases in this ethnic population. These findings confirms that TNF-α, IL-6, plays a positive role in the pathogenesis of T2DM in this ethnic population of Kashmir and can act as an early prediction biomarkers.
Whether to recommend mastectomy in metastatic disease or not has been a matter of debate. Is local therapy, such as mastectomy, of any benefit in advanced breast cancer is the main question. This expert group used data from published literature, practical experience and opinion of a large group of academic oncologists to arrive at these practical consensus recommendations for the benefit of community oncologists.
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