Trauma accounts for the principal etiologic factor of mortality in the first 40 years of life. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), almost 1 million people die and approximately 15 to 20 million are injured annually in road traffic accidents (RTAs). 1 In India, the world's second most populated country, the trauma "epidemic" claims lakhs of lives every year. 2 We are experiencing an increasing trend in injuries, particularly due to road traffic accident (RTA), at an alarming annual rate of 3%. 3 Studies have found that maxillofacial injuries occur in approximately 5 to 33% of patients experiencing severe trauma. 4 Indians with injuries are reported to be six times more at risk of death as compared with their counterparts from developed countries. 5 Therefore, maxillofacial injury management requires adequate patient documentation, injury surveillance, and re-creation of data that adequately describe the whole spectrum of injuries. 6 This would enable health planners and providers to specifically address the burden of maxillofacial injuries, and thus develop suitable preventive programs aimed at lowering the incidence of these through more efficient planning for resource allocation and delivering adequate care. 7-9 The etiology of facial trauma also affects the Keywords ► maxillofacial injury ► road traffic accident ► trauma AbstractThis study aimed to obtain dependable epidemiologic data of the variation in cause and characteristics of maxillofacial fractures by identifying, describing, and quantifying trauma. This retrospective study was conducted in the state of Uttar Pradesh, India, over 1 year, based on a systematic computer-assisted database search from March 2015 to March 2016 for maxillofacial fractures. The demographics, etiology, geographic distribution, date of injury, site and number of fractures, and type of intervention were recorded for each. The study population consisted of 1,000 patients with 1,543 fractures. The male:female ratio was 8:1. A peak incidence of fractures was seen in the third decade (mean age: 30.3) with maximum patients younger than 40 years (80.8%). The incidence of fractures was highest in spring (42.9%). Road traffic accidents were the most common cause of trauma (64.4%) and mainly involved two wheelers (60.2%). Single-site fractures were most common. Mostly zygomatic (45.1%) and mandibular fractures (44.4%) were encountered, accounting for approximately 90% of all fractures. The main site of mandibular fractures was the body (34.4%); 46.2% of fractures underwent open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) while 53.8% were treated by closed methods. The study provides important data to contrive future plans for injury prevention. The trend of most traffic-related injuries continues with the increasing traffic on roads. Zygomatic complex and mandibular fractures remain the most frequent. The major populations at risk are young men and those driving two wheelers. The use of helmets could achieve a large reduction in maxillofacial fractures. Awareness for preventive ...

Purpose: To evaluate demographic data, clinical profile, and factors responsible for the success of anatomical and functional outcomes of canalicular laceration repair with the Mini Monoka stent (FCI Ophthalmics) in children younger than 10 years. Methods: This was a retrospective cohort observational study involving children younger than 10 years who underwent canalicular tear repair with the Mini Monoka stent with a minimum follow-up of 6 months. Results: A total of 18 patients (9 boys and 9 girls) with a mean age of 5.39 ± 3.05 years were included. Twelve and 6 patients had lower and upper canalicular tear, respectively. Six (33.4%) patients had associated ocular comorbidity. The common mode of trauma was direct injury in 77.8% of the patients. The blouse hook of the mother was noted as the most common object causing canalicular laceration. Early repair (< 48 hours) and delayed repair were done in 7 (38.9%) and 11 (61.1%) patients, respectively. Anatomical and functional success was achieved in 88.9% and 94.4% of patients, respectively. The odds ratio (95% CI) for anatomical and functional success with the time since injury was 0.6 (CI: 0.03 to 11.47) and 0.19 (CI: 0.01 to 5.33), respectively. There was no significant difference between the early and delayed repair groups in terms of the distribution of anatomical ( P = 1.000) and functional ( P = .389) success. There was no significant difference between the various groups in terms of the distribution of complications ( P = .224). Conclusions: Canalicular laceration repair with the Mini Monoka stent in children younger than 10 years has shown good outcomes in terms of anatomical and functional success irrespective of time lag since injury to repair. [ J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus . 2021;58(1):42–47.]

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