This paper proposes a modified Co-Planar Waveguide (CPW) transmission line with Periodic Defected Ground Structures which can be used as a high-speed microwave channel for embedded antennas. CPW ground surface is modified by making slots of various shapes. The modified CPW channels are found suitable for Wi-MAX applications and a particular shape of DGS unit cell can be selected depending on the bandwidth requirement. The CPW transmission line with circular shaped DGS cells of two columns offer a remarkable value of the transmission coefficient of 0.89022 (− 1.01 dB) therefore it is fabricated and tested. It is observed that both the simulated and tested results agree with each other.
Effective detection of solutes in water has always been a challenging issue in real‐time. This article presents a technique to detect solutes such as table sugar (CHOO3), common salt (NaCl), and combinations thereof in water using a wideband microstrip antenna with an electromagnetic band gap ground structure. An antenna is designed and fabricated to operate at the bandwidth of 3 GHz with a stable gain of 9 dBi maintaining voltage standing wave ratio ≤ 2. The uniquely designed antenna works as a sensor in its near field to sense solutes in water as a function of the resonant frequency. Apart from sensing solutes, the proposed technique also efficiently detects temperature of soft drinks. As temperature of soft drinks changes, reflection characteristics of an antenna change too. The results of the experiments show that as the concentration of the solute increases, the return loss decreases. The beauty of this technique is its efficient detection without any physical contact with a solution and without disturbing the chemical processes inside the solution. This method can be quite useful for food regulation boards to analyze and detect the contents of beverages, soft drinks and any consumable liquid, whether hot or cold.
The study presents the enhancement in analysis formulae and its verification for Electromagnetic Band Gap (EBG) structure using the Eigenmode analysis method. Eigenmode analysis of EBG structure is a compact and prolific method for obtaining its performance parameters like surface bandgap (bandwidth) and resonant frequency. The enhancement in mathematical expressions of the gap width, the capacitance, and the bandwidth is carried out using the simple geometrical shapes like square, circle, and hexagon. The verification of the enhanced formulae of the EBG structure is conducted using complex shapes. The theoretical and simulated results agree with each other up to 94% accuracy.
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