Objectives: The incidence and mortality rates of cervical cancer in the world are 13.1/105 and 6.9/105, respectively. In India, it is estimated that there are 96,922 new cervical cancer cases and 60,078 deaths and ranked second among women cancers. The incidence and mortality rates are 14.7/105 and 9.2/105, respectively, although the incidence varies within Indian population. The majority of these cervical patients report at a late-stage of disease in health-care facility due to lack of awareness. A premier tertiary cancer hospital in Mumbai conducted the present survival-study. The aim of the study was to assess the various factors that determine the survival outcomes by age at diagnosis, role of comorbidities, stage of disease, and treatment. Material and Methods: The main source of information was patients’ medical records from which the data were abstracted, and active follow-up was undertaken. 1678 cases diagnosed between the years 2006 and 2008 at Tata Memorial Hospital are analyzed using actuarial method for obtaining survival rates and log-rank tests for comparison of survival groups. Results: The 5-year survival rate was 76.0% for those aged ≤50 years, 73.3% for non-residents, 74.4% for literates, and 81.8% for Christians and 72.5% for those with squamous cell carcinoma histology; those with no comorbidities had marginally better survival than their counter-parts. The survival rates were 83.5%, 80.6%, 66.0%, and 37.1% for Stage I, Stage II, Stage III, and Stage IV, respectively. The best survival outcomes were for those treated with only surgery (95.6%), or in combination with either radiotherapy (90.6%) or with radiotherapy and chemotherapy (85.5%). Involvement of either nodes/sites had poorer survival than those with no-involvement. In the multivariate analysis, only stage of the disease emerged as a significant prognosis factor. Conclusion: The study concluded that younger patients, early stage of disease, non-involvement of any sites/ nodes, and radiotherapy either alone or in combination with other treatment type provided better outcomes. Early detection and prevention strategies are keys to obtain better outcomes.
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a rare cancer site, ranked 14th in incidence and 7th in mortality in the world. In India, pancreas ranks 24th with 10860 new cases (1.03%) and 18th in mortality. Although PC is a rare site, it is a leading mortality site across the globe and very little data are available about the epidemiology of PC. It is hypothesized that due to the changing lifestyle globally and, in India, the rates of PC will increase in the near future. Thus, this study aims to report PC incidence, mortality, globally but with more emphasis with respect to Indian population and associated factors for PC, since changing lifestyle has had an impact on the occurrence of the disease over the years. Incidence and mortality rates are obtained from GLOBOCAN-2018 and cancer incidence in five continents (CI5- XI), and Indian Council of Medical Research publication on Indian cancer registry database. Incidence is higher in elderly population (more than 50% in 65–75 years). The incidence is highest among Northeastern Indian regions. Risk factors include smoking, high alcohol consumption, non-vegetarian diets (modifiable) and age, race, and the genetic predispositions (non-modifiable) risk factors. No case–control studies on risk factors are reported yet based on the Indian population. Increase of PC numbers is a cause for concern, since it mostly manifests on the lifestyle factors, which is rapidly changing in India, like in other parts of the globe. This study will be useful in giving some leads on the PC’s possible causes and thereby help in formulating strategies for reducing the burden of this disease.
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