Glaucoma is an eye disease in which the retinal nerve fibers are irreversibly damaged. Early identification of glaucoma is essential because it may slow the progression of the illness. The clinical treatments and medical imaging methods that are currently available are all manual and require expert supervision. An automated glaucoma diagnosis system that is fast, accurate, and helps to reduce the load on professionals is necessary for mass screening. In our proposed work, a novel approach based on bit‐plane slicing (BPS), local binary pattern (LBP), and gray‐level co‐occurrence matrix (GLCM) is used. First, fundus images are separated into channels like red, green, and blue, and these separated channels are split into plans using BPS. Then, LBP images are obtained from selected green channel images. Second, we extract features based on GLCM from LBP images. Finally, using a least‐squares support vector machine classifier, the higher ranked features are employed to classify glaucoma stages. According to the findings of the experiments, our model outperformed state‐of‐the‐art approaches for glaucoma classification. Using 10‐fold cross‐validation, this model achieved an improved classification accuracy of 95.04%, specificity of 96.37%, and sensitivity of 93.77%. We conducted many relative experiments with deep learning and traditional machine learning‐based models to test our proposed methodology. Compared to existing glaucoma classification approaches, the new method has been shown to be more efficient.
Background- Regular blood transfusions used for long term survival in ß-thalassemia major patients cause a secondary state of tissue iron overload. Myocardial iron deposition can result in cardiomyopathy, and heart failure remains the leading cause of death. This study was planned to see the Right Ventricle (RV) and Left Ventricle(LV)dysfunction in beta thalassemia transfused patients.
Method- Patients of ß thalassemia major above 2 years of age received regular blood transfusions at least for 1 year duration, attending OPD in the Department of Pediatrics, S P Medical College, Bikaner were included.Echo was correlated with serum ferritin Level(SFL).
Results- Tissue Doppler imaging(TDI) parameters of 50 patients at mitral annulus e.g. Em septal, Em Lateral, Am septal, Am lateral, Sm Septal and Sm Lateral were abnormal(<2SD and >2SD)in 70% & 0%, 50% & 4%, 10% & 46%, 34% & 24%, 40% & 22% and 60% & 10% patients respectively.TDI parameters at tricuspid valvee.g. Et, At and St were abnormal(<2SD)in 98%, 96% and 98% patients respectively. The differences in mean values of Et, At and St, when compared in the SFL groups <2500,2500-5000 and>5000, was non significant(p>0.05).
Conclusion- TDI is superior to conventional echocardiography in giving an early evidence of diastolic myocardial dysfunction in asymtopmatic and normal LV function patients.TDI can be applied as an integrated part of assessment of children & adolescents with ß-thalassemia. Septal Sm, Em & lateral Em, Sm, Am and RV Et, At, St were reduced early in majority of patients. Our study showed early involvement of septum and RV in thalassemic patients.
Key Words: ß-thalassemia major ;Right Ventricle (RV) and Left Ventricle ( LV) dysfunction; Echocardiogram ;Tissue Doppler Imaging
Objective: Regular blood transfusions used for long term survival in ß-thalassemia major patients cause a secondary state of tissue iron overload. Myocardial iron deposition can result in cardiomyopathy, and heart failure remains the leading cause of death. This study was planned to see the correlation of Relative Wall Thickness (RWT), LV Mass, Cardiac Index(CI) and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure(PCWP) in relation to Serum Ferritin in transfusion dependent Beta Thalassemia children.
Methods: Patients of ß thalassemia major above 2 years of age received regular blood transfusions at least for 1 year duration, attending OPD in the Department of Pediatrics, S.P. Medical College, Bikaner were enrolled. Echo findings of 50 cases were correlated with serum ferritin level(SFL).
Result: Mean RWT in SFL group <2500ng/ml was 0.40±0.09, in SFL group 2500-5000 ng/ml, it was 0.41±0.08 and in SFL group >5000 ng/ml, it was 0.49±0.09; p value>0.05. Mean LV mass in SFL group <2500 was 68.76±24.32, in SFL group 2500-5000, it was 90.07±24.18 and in SFL group >5000, it was 123.06±42.42. The difference was found statistically highly significant (p<0.001). Mean PCWP in SFL group <2500 was 11.55±1.53, in SFL group 2500-5000, it was 12.02±2.06 and in SFL group >5000, mean PCWP was 13.31±2.09;p value>0.05. Mean CI in SFL group <2500 was 5.24±0.99, in 2500-5000 group was 5.79±1.07 and in SFL group >5000, it was 5.91±1.26 ; p value>0.05.
Conclusion: There was significant positive correlation of serum ferritin level only with LV Mass.Relative Wall thickness, PCWP and cardiac index were insignificantly correlated. .
Keywords: ß-thalassemia major; Relative wall thickness, LV mass/ LV mass index, cardiac index, PCWP, Echocardiogram; Tissue Doppler Imaging
Introduction: Stroke is among the leading cause of death worldwide. Carotid stenosis has been identified as a risk factor for stroke. The prevalence of carotid stenosis increases with age in both women and men. To reduce the risk of stroke, Carotid Endarterectomy (CEA) and Carotid Artery Stenting (CAS) are performed. Aim: To find the effect of carotid stenting on neurocognitive function in Atherosclerotic Carotid Stenosis. Materials and Methods: This prospective observational study was carried out at a tertiary care teaching hospital, over a 12-months duration. Twenty five patients were included in the study, after getting their informed consent. The patients underwent Addenbrooke’s cognitive examination preoperatively and were reassessed on 28 days and three months, postoperatively. The pre and postoperative scores were compared with the help of the paired t-test. Qualitative data were analysed with the help of frequency and percentage tables. Association among the study groups was assessed with the help of Bivariate analysis and Chi-square test and a p-value <0.05 was taken as significant. Results: The mean age of the patients was 65.52±9.34 years. Twenty two patients in the study group were male and three were female. Addenbrooke’s Score improved at 28 days and three months, postoperatively. There was a positive and significant correlation between preoperative Addenbrooke’s Score and postoperative Addenbrooke’s Score (r=0.748 and r=0.442, respectively). However, there was no statistically significant correlation noted with age, sex, and co-morbid condition like diabetes and hypertension and postoperative Addenbrooke’s score. Conclusion: The study showed that stent placement for patients with carotid stenosis improved the cognitive function.
The Micro strip Patch Antenna are widely used in Mobile and Satellite communication, Global Position System Applications, handheld devices etc. Micro strip patch antennas have advantages like light in weight, less volume, inexpensive, small size and ease of fabrication and conformity. Also, the micro strip patch antennas are also capable to provide dual and circular polarizations, dual-frequency operation, broad bandwidth range, etc. Despite the many advantages of micro strip patch antennas, they do have some considerable drawbacks. One of the main restrictions with patch antennas is their naturally narrowband performance due to its resonant nature. So for the antenna miniaturization and bandwidth improvement Bridged double U-slot micro strip patch antenna used. The first is the analysis of single element narrowband rectangular micro strip antenna which operates at the central frequency of 2.39GHz. The second aspect is the analysis and design of slot cut Dual U-shaped micro strip antenna with bridge connection also inserted inverted C shape on ground plane. The simulation process has been done through high frequency structure simulator (HFSS). The properties of antenna such as bandwidth, return loss, VSWR has been investigated.
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