Modern agriculture practices reveal an increase in use of pesticides to meet the food demand of increasing population which results in contamination of the environment. In India, crop production increased to 100 %, but the cropping area has increased marginally by 20 %. Pesticides have played a major role in achieving the maximum crop production but maximum usage and accumulation of pesticide residues is highly detrimental to aquatic and other ecosystem. Pesticide residues in drinking water have become a major challenge over the last few years. It has been monitored in public water supply resources in National capital territory, i.e., Delhi. Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), mainly isomers of hexachlorohexane (HCH), dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane (DDT), endosulphan, endrin, aldrin, dieldrin, and heptachlore, were identified from potable water samples. Results suggested that continuous consumption of contaminated water can pose severe health threats to local residents of this area. Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB), Delhi, had found α and β isomers of endosulphan residues in the Yamuna river. High concentrations of γ-HCH (0.259 μg/l) and malathion (2.618 μg/l) were detected in the surface water samples collected from the river Ganga in Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh (UP). High concentration of methyl parathion, endosulfan, and DDT were observed in water samples collected from the river at Bhagalpur, Bihar. The Industrial Toxicology Research Centre (ITRC), Lucknow (UP) study also found 0.5671 ppb concentrations of endosulfan in the river at Allahabad, UP. Similar results were found in other water samples in India.

Background: Bacteria is an important group of human pathogens that causes various types of diseases. Plants are the traditional sources for many chemicals used as pharmaceutical biochemicals, fragrances, food colors and flavors in different countries especially in India. Quisqualis indica Linn. belongs to a family Combretaceae which is commonly known as Rangoon creeper has great medicinal values. Objective: To analyze the chemical constituents present in different solvent extracts of Q. indica using gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) and evaluation of their antibacterial activities against human pathogens. Method: The dried aerial part of plant was extracted using three solvents like methanol, ethyl acetate and hexane at room temperature for 6 hours separately and antibacterial activity was carried out by broth dilution method. Results: 15, 12 and 18 compounds were confirmed by GC-MS qualitatively in methanol, ethylacetate and hexane extracts respectively. All extracts showed significant activity against four bacteria: Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pnemoniae, Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus pneumonia which were comparable with ampicillin drug taken as positive control. Conclusion: The antibacterial result indicates that the aerial parts of plant have antibacterial activities due to presence of various phytochemical constituents. All the major components confirmed by GC-MS from different extract are biologically active molecule which indicates that the plant might have some medicinal properties.

The present investigation was carried out to study the effect of incorporation of different flour on the functional properties of composite flours. Wheat flour was incorporated with mushroom flour, black gram flour, soya flour and jowar (sorghum) flour blends in ratios of 100

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