BACKGROUNDCandida species cause different clinical infections ranging from mucocutaneous infection to life threatening invasive diseases. They cause secondary infection in immunocompromised individuals. Candidiasis is a common fungal disease in humans. During the last decade, an increase in the prevalence of non-albicans candida species has been noted because of increased use of azoles. We aimed to isolate Candida species, find its frequency from various clinical samples and speciate Candida using chromogenic medium.
MATERIALS AND METHODSA total of 100 Candida isolates from various clinical samples were included in the study. Colony on Sabouraud dextrose agar was processed to identify the Candida species using conventional methods. Simultaneously, they were processed for Candida speciation on commercially available CHROMagar (HiMedia, India).
RESULTSIn the present study, majority of isolates were from high vaginal swab (33%) followed by sputum (27%), urine (18%), pus from surgical sites and others constituted to 22%. Candida albicans (54%) was the most common candida species, followed by C. tropicalis (24%), C. krusei (14%), C. glabrata (7%) and C. dubliniensis (1%).
CONCLUSIONCandida albicans was the predominant species causing Candidiasis. Along with Candida albicans, non-albicans candida (NAC) spp. like C. tropicalis, C. krusei, C. glabrata, and C. dubliniensis are increasingly being isolated from clinical samples. CHROMagar is a simple, easy, rapid, reliable and inexpensive method for identification of candida species. Characterization of candida to species level is important for early treatment decisions and effective management as some NAC species are intrinsically resistant to antifungal agents. CHROMagar is useful for the primary isolation and differentiation of medically important Candida species.
BACKGROUND Vulvovaginal candidiasis is one of the most common infections seen in women. Candida spp. are normal flora of the vagina that become pathogenic under some predisposing conditions, and thus present as a common aetiology of vulvovaginitis. If the condition is not recognised and diagnosed early, this could cause serious genital discomfort and a common reason for frequent gynaecological consultation. We wanted to determine the prevalence of vulvovaginal candidiasis and influence of antibacterial therapy, age and prevailing health conditions on its occurrence among nonpregnant women attending our teaching hospital. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 400 nonpregnant women were included in the study. Samples collected were a pair of high vaginal swabs and endocervical swab samples. They were inoculated on SDA and processed. Candida positive cultures were identified as Candida albicans and non-albicans candida. RESULTS In the present study, the prevalence of vulvovaginal candidiasis was found to be 14%. 20-30 years age-group showed the maximum prevalence of candidiasis. It was found that all nonpregnant women with Candida-positive culture were on antibacterial therapy before taking part in the study-56 (100%). Significant statistical relationship was found between the prevalence of VVC and previous antibacterial therapy (P<0.05), but not found with age or other prevailing health conditions (P>0.05). CONCLUSION This study clearly indicated involvement of Candida in vulvovaginitis among nonpregnant women, particularly those on antibacterial therapy. However, culture-positive results should be clinically correlated in the definitive diagnosis of VVC.
BACKGROUNDSalmonella enteritidis is one of the most important serovars transmitted from animals to man and a serovar most commonly reported worldwide. Although infection with S. enteritidis is limited to the intestinal tract, under certain circumstances it may cross the mucosal barrier, disseminate and get established as some localized infectious focus. Although cited as a very uncommon cause, S. enteritidis may involve the liver and evolve into an overt abscess. Pyogenic liver abscess by a gas forming organism like S. enteritidis usually follow a fulminant course. Associated morbidity and mortality is high unless immediate therapeutic interventions are initiated.
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