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Spray drying accomplishes drying while particles are suspended in the air and is one method in the family of suspended particle processing systems, along with fluid-bed drying, flash drying, spray granulation, spray agglomeration, spray reaction, spray cooling, and spray absorption. This drying process is unique because it involves both particle formation and drying. The present paper reviews spray drying of fruit extracts, such as acai, acerola pomace, gac, mango, orange, cactus pear, opuntia stricta fruit, watermelon, and durian, and the effects of additives on physicochemical properties such as antioxidant activity, total carotenoid content, lycopene and β-carotene content, hygroscopy, moisture content, volatile retention, stickiness, color, solubility, glass transition temperature, bulk density, rehydration, caking, appearance under electron microscopy, and X-ray powder diffraction. The literature clearly demonstrates that the effect of additives and encapsulation play a vital role in determining the physicochemical properties of fruit extract powder. The technical difficulties in spray drying of fruit extracts can be overcome by modifying the spray dryer design. It also reveals that spray drying is a novel technology for converting fruit extract into powder form.

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Abstract-Fenton Oxidation process was used to treat the pharmaceutical sludge having the COD value of 118, 400 mg/L for the safe disposal. By varying the ratio of ferrous to hydrogen peroxide for different molar ratio (0.1M, 0.2M, 0.3M, 0.35M,0.4 M) of Fenton's reagent the pharmaceutical sludge was treated and COD reductions were calculated and optimum ratio was found out. Sludge was also treated by physical treatment by varying the pH and temperature and COD reductions were calculated and the optimum point was found out. The untreated and treated sludge was subjected to GC-MS for the quantitative analysis of non-biodegradable compounds. Scanning Electron Microscope image acquistation and elemental analysis were also studied for both treated and untreated samples. The purpose of the study is to find the suitable end-use method for reusing the treated and oxidized products.

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