Objectives: The present study was conducted to determine antimicrobial, antiradical, and insecticidal activity of methanolic extract of the whole plant of Solanum virginianum L. (Solanaceae).Methods: Extraction of shade dried and powdered plant material was carried out by maceration process. Antibacterial and antifungal activities of extract were determined by agar well diffusion and poisoned food technique, respectively. Antiradical activity of extract was assessed by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2-azinobis 3-ethylbenzothiazoline 6-sulfonate (ABTS) free radical scavenging assays. Insecticidal activity, in terms of larvicidal activity, was evaluated against 2 nd and 3 rd instar larvae of Aedes aegypti. Results:The extract exhibited inhibitory activity against all bacteria. Gram-positive bacteria showed greater susceptibility to extract when compared to Gram-negative bacteria. The extract was effective in inhibiting the mycelial growth of all test fungi with marked activity against Curvularia sp. and Alternaria sp. The extract scavenged DPPH and ABTS radicals dose dependently with an inhibitory concentration value of 45.66 and 7.37µg/ml, respectively. The extract showed concentration-dependent larvicidal activity with high lethal activity observed against 2 nd instar larvae with lethal concentration value of 0.82 mg/ml. Conclusion:In suitable form, the plant can be used as an effective agent against microbial infections and oxidative damage and to control insect vectors which transmit several diseases.
Objectives: Nicotiana plumbaginifolia Viv. belongs to the family Solanaceae. The present study was carried out to determine insecticidal, antibacterial, and antiradical activity of aerial parts of N. plumbaginifolia.Methods: Extraction was carried out by maceration process using methanol. Insecticidal activity was assessed, in terms of larvicidal effect, against II and IV instar larvae of Aedes aegypti. Antibacterial activity was evaluated against a panel of 7 bacteria by agar well diffusion assay. Antiradical activity was determined using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2-azinobis 3-ethylbenzothiazoline 6-sulfonate (ABTS) free radical scavenging assays. Results:The extract was found to cause dose-dependent mortality of larvae of A. aegypti. The lethal concentration 50 value of extract for II and IV instar larvae was found to be 0.41 and 0.99 mg/ml, respectively. Extract was effective in inhibiting all bacteria. Gram-positive bacteria displayed marked susceptibility when compared to Gram-negative bacteria. Bacillus cereus and Escherichia coli were susceptible to highest and least extent, respectively. Extract scavenged both DPPH radicals and ABTS radicals dose dependently. Extract scavenged ABTS radicals more efficiently (inhibitory concentration [IC 50 ] value 13.51 µg/ml) when compared to DPPH radicals (IC 50 value 17.43 µg/ml). Conclusions:The plant N. plumbaginifolia appears to be a promising resource for developing agents with insecticidal, antibacterial, and antiradical activity. The observed bioactivities could be attributed to the presence of phytochemicals which are to be isolated, characterized, and subjected for bioactivity determinations. The plant can be used to prevent arboviral diseases, infectious diseases, and oxidative damage.
Objective: A retrospective comparison of clinical, echocardiographic and radiologic outcome following surgical correction of coarctation of the aorta by subclavian flap aortoplasty or resection end to end anastomosis at less than 3 months of age.Methods: 62 patients under 3 months of age with isolated coarctation of the aorta who underwent surgical correction between 1997 and 2002 (34 resections and 28 subclavian flap aortoplasties) were studied. Age at time of repair was comparable (p=0.54). Weight at time of repair was lower in the resection group (p=0.008). Follow up included clinical evaluation, echocardiographic estimation of residula gradient and left ventricular mass index in all patients and CT Aortography if there was evidence of recoarctation. Measurements of mid-arm circumference, acromion to-olecranon distance along with brachial artery flow velocity and flow pattern in both upper limbs were carried out in the flap aortoplasty group.Results: Mean follow-up was 33.21±14.78 months (range 12-65 months) which was similar in both groups (p=0.26). 12 in the resection group (35%) and 4 in the flap group (15%) had recoarctation. Left ventricular mass index was higher in the resection group (mean 76.50±11g/m 2 ) than the flap group (mean 58±4.77 g/m 2 ) p=0.00. There were no obvious upper limb ischaemic complications in the flap group, but the left arm was significantly shorter than the right.Conclusions: Subclavian flap procedure is superior in terms of lesser recurrence, and also lower left ventricular mass index. Minor differences in limb length were noted though none of the patients were symptomatic. 5Post-operative evaluation of arterial switch by 3D helical computed tomographic angiography
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