Phenylalanine, an essential amino acid, is the "building block" of protein. It has a tremendous role in different aspects of metabolic events. The tyrosine pathway is the prime one and is typically used to degrade dietary phenylalanine. Phenylalanine exceeds its limit in bodily fluids and the brain when the enzyme, phenylalanine decarboxylase, phenylalanine transaminase, phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH) or its cofactor tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) is deficient causes phenylketonuria, schizophrenia, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and another neuronal effect. Tyrosine, an amino acid necessary for synthesizing the pigments in melanin, is produced by its primary metabolic pathway. Deficiency/abnormality in metabolic enzymes responsible for the catabolism pathway of Phenylalanine causes an accumulation of the active intermediate metabolite, resulting in several abnormalities, such as developmental delay, tyrosinemias, alkaptonuria, albinism, hypotension and several other undesirable conditions. Dietary restriction of the amino acid(s) can be a therapeutic approach to avoid such undesirable conditions when the level of metabolic enzyme is unpredictable. After properly identifying the enzymatic level, specific pathophysiological conditions can be managed more efficiently.
In order to find out the efficacy of conservation tillage on yield and economics of fodder crops over conventional tillage in new alluvial zone of West Bengal, a field experiment was conducted at Central Research Farm, Gayeshpur, West Bengal, India during summer season of 2016 and 2017 comprising 3 tillage practices (T1: zero tillage, T2: minimum tillage, T3: conventional tillage) in main plot and 4 fodder crops (C1: maize, C2: sorghum, C3: rice bean, C4: cowpea) in subplot and replicated thrice in a split plot design. Mean data confirmed the superiority of conservation tillage over conventional tillage in improving soil status and thereby, crop performance. Cereal crop maize when grown under zero tillage produced highest green forage yield (42.33 t/ha), dry matter yield (7.84 t/ha). However, regarding crude protein yield, cowpea showed superiority over others specially when grown under zero tillage condition (1.071 t/ha). Mean data also stated that legume crops under conservation tillage remained economically more viable than cereal crops. Specifically, cultivation of cowpea under zero tillage condition was economically most profitable (B:C of 2.21) and therefore can be recommended in this region.
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