SummaryThe reliability of data dissemination in vehicular ad hoc network (VANET) necessitates maximized cooperation between the vehicular nodes and the least degree of congestion. However, non‐line of sight (NLOS) nodes prevent the establishment and sustenance of connectivity between the vehicular nodes. In this paper, a hybrid seagull and thermal exchange optimization (TEO) algorithm‐based NLOS node detection technique is proposed for enhancing cooperative data dissemination in VANETs. It inherits three different versions of the proposed hybridized algorithm; three different approaches for localization of NLOS nodes depending upon its distance from the reference nodes are incorporated. It is considered as a reliable attempt in effective NLOS node localization as it is predominant in maintaining the balancing the degree of exploration and exploitation in the search process. In the first variant, the method of the roulette wheel is utilized for selecting one among the two optimization algorithm. In the second adoption, this hybridization algorithm combines TEO algorithm only after the iteration of SEOA algorithm. In the final adoption, the predominance of the seagull attack mode is enhanced by including the heat exchange formula of TEO algorithms for improving exploitation capability. The simulation experiments of the proposed HS‐TEO‐NLOS‐ND scheme conducted using EstiNet 8.1 exhibited its reliability in improving the emergency message delivery rate by 14.86%, a neighborhood awareness rate by 13%, and the channel utilization rate by 11.24%, compared to the benchmarked techniques under the evaluation done with different number of vehicular nodes and NLOS nodes in the network.
In emergency situations, the localization of Non Line of Sight (NLOS) nodes is essential for enhancing the reaction time of the vehicle drivers in response to the stimulus generated in VANETs. However, the existence of NLOS nodes intentionally or intentionally introduces broadcasting storm and congestion in the network. In this paper, a Hybrid Invasive Weed Optimization and Squirrel Search Algorithm-Localization Mechanism (HIWO-SSA-LM) is proposed for improving the localization of NLOS nodes to enhance the reliable data dissemination under emergency situations in VANETs. This proposed HIWO-SSA-LM integrates the reproductive capability of Invasive Weeds into the reproductive potential of a Flying Squirrel Algorithm for sustaining the degree of balance under exploitation and exploration involved during NLOS node localization. The predominance of the proposed HIWO-SSA-LM is explored based on experiments conducted using EstiNet 8.1 simulator using emergency message delivery rate, channel utilization rate, and neighborhood awareness rate by varying the number of vehicles and NLOS nodes in the network.
With the evolvement of IPv6 as next generation protocol in Internet, many security issues came into picture with its implementation. The security considerations which were taken care in IPv4 implementations seem to be repeated in term of IPv6 as well. Since IPv6 came up with some new features and changes which corresponds to be more focused on security than IPv4. Basic requirement with the IPv6 implementation is to secure IPv6 LAN which is securing first hop. This paper analyzed all the security considerations of first hop security and also proposed solutions to some partially resolved or unresolved security issues. This paper introduced an approach which changes client behavior on address configuration dynamically. The proposed approach introduced a new flag "N" in RA (router advertisement) packet which forces the client not to perform multi-homing when it is set OFF and allows client to configure one address at time per interface dynamically. This paper also proposed an approach which prevents from IPv6 spoofing attacks.
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