Objectives:To assess the long term complications of JJ stent, the management of complications and the role of endoscopic approach to manage these complications.Materials and Methods:Nineteen patients with indwelling JJ stent for a duration of more than 6 months were included in this study. Patients were assessed with X-ray KUB, USG KUB, blood urea, creatinine and DTPA renogram. Data were analyzed by Microsoft excel 2007.Results:Out of 19 patients 12 (63.16%) were male and 7 (36.84%) were female. The mean age was 39.78 ± 13.69 years., Mean duration for which the stent was in situ was 29.56 months. The most common complication was broken stent, in 11 cases (57.89%). Other complications were migration in 5 (26.32%), encrustation in 2 (10.52%) and 1 case of (5.26%) stone formation. Eighteen cases were managed by endoscopic approaches. A total of 22 procedures were performed to treat the complications. Eleven cases were managed by a single procedure and 8 patients required multiple procedures. All were managed successfully with no death reported. Post-operative complications were seen in eight cases (42.11%).Conclusions:JJ stent related long-term complications are not uncommon and are usually seen after 6 months of indwelling time. Endourological procedure should be the initial approach with a high success rate. Coordinated use multimodality and technology helps in management of difficult cases. Open surgery is rarely required. Prevention of the complication by judicious use and early removal is the cornerstone.

The age of presentation of RCC in India has been found in 5th decade, which is a decade earlier than the western countries. Symptomatic RCC is still majority in India. Organ confined tumors have good prognosis. When it metastasizes to lymph node or distant organ, the outcome is poor. Our results may form the basis for further studies and it may be used as future reference.

Penile fracture is an emergency in urology. Early surgical management is recommended, to prevent long term complications. Although urethrocavernosal fistula is one of the described complications following fracture penis repair in literature, no case of urethrocuteneous fistula has been reported till now. Here we report the first case of urethrocutaneous fistula following repair of fracture penis.

The presence of a foreign body in the urethra is uncommon. A wide variety of foreign bodies have been described in urethras, but they are often missed in physical examinations as the patient tries to hide the fact. We report two unusual cases of foreign bodies in the urethra in two adolescent boys suffering from psychiatric disorders. In the first case, a 12-year-old boy presented with introduction of sewing needle into the urethra 3 days back. The patient in that case suffered from a delusional disorder. In the second case, a 19 year old man introduced a metallic screw into his urethra for sexual gratification several times in the preceding 4 years. That patient suffered from schizophrenia. Although psychiatric illness is associated with urethral foreign body, such underlying psychiatric disorders are very rare.

Lymphatic filariasis involving the female breast is unusual but not rare, especially where filariasis is endemic. In this report, we present a 38-year-old married woman presenting with a painless mass in the left breast of 4 months duration and slightly painful masses in both axillae for similar duration. Examination revealed a small, discrete, firm, non-tender mass in lower inner quadrant of left breast with associated bilateral, tender axillary lymphadenopathy. Mammography suggested a well-defined mass lesion in the left breast without any architectural distortion or micro calcifications. Ultrasonography (USG) of the breast suggested hypoechoic lesion in infero-medial quadrant of left breast and bilateral axillary lymphadenopathy. USG-guided fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) from the breast lump showed non-specific findings like eosinophilic infiltrate and occasional granuloma, while that from the enlarged lymph nodes in the axilla revealed inflammatory cells, giant cells, and epithelioid cells. Histopathological examination of the lumpectomy specimen revealed adult microfilaria with characteristic morphology of Wuchereria bancrofti.

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