Information on the camel leptin gene when compared to other domestic livestock species is very limited. Hence, thepresent study was undertaken to characterize the leptin gene of the Indian dromedary camel (Camelus dromedarius).Five overlapping primer pairs were designed utilizing the available Lama Glama leptin gene sequence. Through theassembly, alignment, and editing of the five overlapping nucleotide sequences, a 2425 bp long leptin gene sequence(Accession no. MT103545.1) of dromedary camel covering partial exon-2, intron-2, exon-3, and partial-3’ UTRregion was characterized. The study successfully amplified the leptin gene, including intron-2 and 3’UTR of camelleptin gene for the first time using genomic DNA samples. The Indian dromedary camel leptin gene at the nucleotide level shared more than 97% similarity with llama and more than 80% similarity with major domesticated species like cattle, buffalo, sheep, and goat. The evolutionary relationship study based on amino acid sequences showed a close relationship between dromedary and bactrian camel species followed by llama. The high level of similarity between camel leptin gene amino acid sequence and other species showed the conserved nature of leptin protein.
The study aimed to identify polymorphism of LEP, and STAT5A milk-producing genes and their association with production traits in Rathi cattle. An overall 160 animals were selected from a population of Rathi cattle from Livestock Research Station, Rajasthan University of Veterinary and Animals Sciences, Bikaner (Rajasthan). The phenotypic information on total milk yield, peak yield and lactation length were recorded from the years 2012- 2018. Each animal’s milk sample (100 ml) was analysed for milk composition parameters. Genomic DNA was extracted from the whole blood sample through the spin column method and association analysis was done. The polymorphism have been observed in exon-3 (454 bp) of LEP gene, intron 9-10 (224 bp) and intron-15-exon-16 (379 bp) of STAT5A genes by PCR-SSCP and revealed two types of genotypic pattern. The STAT5A exon-7 (215 bp) also showed polymorphism with three genotypic patterns. The AB pattern of LEP exon-3 and AA pattern of intron 9-10 and intron-15-exon-16 of STAT5A genes showed a significant effect on total milk yield. The BB genotypic pattern of the STAT5A exon-7 gene showed a significant impact on peak yield. The AB pattern of LEP and STAT5A genes were associated with more milk fat % in the studied population of Rathi cattle. All these genes showed a significant effect on total solids. The association analysis of LEP and STAT5A genes with different milk production and milk composition traits illustrated the worth of these genes for marker-assisted selection of dairy cattle. Thus, the present study was designed to unmask the relevant genetic factors responsible for variation in milk performance traits.
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