Obesity and its related health complications is a major problem worldwide. Hypothalamus and their signalling molecules play a critical role in the intervening and coordination with energy balance and homeostasis. Genetic factors play a crucial role in determining an individual's predisposition to the weight gain and being obese. In the past few years, several genetic variants were identified as monogenic forms of human obesity having success over common polygenic forms. In the context of molecular genetics, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) approach and their findings signified a number of genetic variants predisposing to obesity. However, the last couple of years, it has also been noticed that alterations in the environmental and epigenetic factors are one of the key causes of obesity. Hence, this review might be helpful in the current scenario of molecular genetics of human obesity, obesity-related health complications (ORHC), and energy homeostasis. Future work based on the clinical discoveries may play a role in the molecular dissection of genetic approaches to find more obesity-susceptible gene loci.

ZnO nanoparticles are still a hot area for research even after ample work has been done by researchers across the world. It is a versatile material for doping of different transition metals among other metal oxides. Having a large family of morphological structures, high electron mobility, and n-type carrier defects, it is suitable for a number of applications such as memory devices, spintronics, optoelectronic devices, solar cells, and sensors. Here, we have emphasized a review of the effects of transition metal (TM) doping on the different physical properties of ZnO nanoparticles and their applications. We have gone through some theoretical models which were used by most of the researchers for explaining the variations in physical properties. Explanation of the sensing, photocatalytic, and optoelectronic processes in different classes of devices is briefly described. Lastly, the comparative studies of different devices are also made available for clear understanding.

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Currently, developments in the field of quantum dots (QDs) have attracted researchers worldwide.