The main objective of this paper is to examine the securitization of Islam and Muslims on Twitter. Therefore, whether and to what extent securitized images of Islam and Muslims have been produced on Twitter and to analyze the dominant securitized themes and their sub-dimensions. The methodology used for this purpose consisted of quantitative and qualitative analysis and analyzed hashtags #stopislam trending on Twitter. It was found that #stopislam produced securitized images of Islam and Muslims. Totalitarianism as a sub-dimension of ideological threat in the context of Securitization of Islam is dominating than Sharia Law and Jihadism while no evidence has been found in Whahabism Category. Similarly, in the existential threat category in the securitization of Muslims sub-dimension, general Muslims are dominating than Women's, immigrants and refugees on #stopislam. #stopislm produced less neutral and favoring Muslims Tweets evident that hashtag produced securitized images of Islam and Muslims.
The present study explores how 'CPEC' is covered and treated by the two eminent English newspapers The News (Pakistani Newspaper) and the People's daily (Chinese Newspaper) through their Facebook's official pages through the keyword search “China – Pakistan Economic Corridor” from the year 2015-19. The broader aspects, categories are formed; as development, economy, political, social, strategic and other, examined the treatment on their frequency and semantic network analysis on positive, negative and neutral frames through coding sheet. For this purpose, the quantitative content analysis is conducted to examine that how 'CPEC' is covered, framed and treated by the said newspaper at their official Facebook pages. The findings of the study reveal that 'China – Pakistan Economic Corridor' is projected significantly more strategic than economic on the posts appeared on the Chinese and Pakistani newspaper. The coverage appeared on The News is varied from positive, neutral and negative.
This study is to address and explore the securitisation of Islam and Muslims on Twitter. It examines whether or not and to what extent securitised images of Islam and Muslims have been produced on Twitter. In addition, the study analyses the dominant securitised themes and their sub-dimensions. The methodology used for this purpose consisted of an empirical and sentiment analysis, analysing three hashtags trending on Twitter. It was found that the portrayal of Muslims and Islam on the Twitter platform was problematic and produced securitised images of Islam and Muslims. Totalitarianism and Sharia law as sub-dimensions of the ideological threat in the context of the securitisation of Islam were dominating, while general Muslims and women as sub-dimensions of securitisation of Muslims were dominating on Twitter. Similarly, hashtags #banislam and #stopislam produced more securitised images than #racism. A few positive and neutral Tweets were found producing positive images of Islam and Muslims on Twitter, showing that these hashtags produced securitised images of Islam and Muslims. Finally, in the securitisation of Islam and Muslims, these hashtags produced more tweets on Islam as an ideological threat category rather than Muslims as an existential threat category.
The objective of this study is to determine the frequency and severity of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) symptoms in journalists of Peshawar. A self-report 17-items questionnaire based on PTSD civilian version (PCL-C) was administered to 252 working journalists of Peshawar Press Clubs. The findings revealed that 17.3% of journalists exhibit extreme while 31.1% show higher PTSD symptoms. Since this paper is aimed at journalists, their unions, media houses and NGOs, therefore, specialized jargons of psychiatric literature have been avoided. Instead, simple language has been used. The paper stresses the need that psychiatric establishment and media industry should build a joint body of knowledge to create awareness and a conducive environment for journalists to seek counselling. Although the law-and-order situation has now improved, there is a dire need for post-conflict reflexivity. Also, PTSD symptoms sometimes appear at quite later stages.
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