Background: Preventable blindness is still one of the major public health problems in India. The scarcity of community-based studies on ocular morbidity, more especially from rural areas is one of the reasons for the inadequate focus on the subject. The objectives were to study the pattern and factors associated with ocular morbidity in a rural adult population. Methods: The study was a cross sectional study conducted in field practice area of rural health Center, Cheluvanatti village in the state of Karnataka. Among 16 villages, one village was selected by convenient sampling. Ocular morbidity was assessed by detailed history and clinical examination by trained clinicians. Results: Among total 1181 population, 872 people >18 years were included in the final analysis. Majority portion (72.9%) of the study population was in 18-45 years age group. There were 51.3% of males and the proportion of females was 48.7%. The prevalence of ocular morbidity was 13.9% (95% CI 12.0%-16.0%) in the study population. The most common ocular morbidity was refractive errors seen in 56(6.4%), followed by cataract seen in 35 (4%) and corneal blindness seen in 26 (3%) subjects. The presence of ocular morbidity was 4.49 times more in 46-60 years age group compared with 18 to 45 years age group (95% CI 2. 76 -7.33, p<0.01). Compared with higher studies people the presence of ocular morbidity in illiterate was 35.32 times more p<0.01). The presence of ocular morbidity was 20.64 times more in diabetic patients (95% CI 8. 95-47.61, p<0.01) comparing with non-diabetic patients. Conclusions:The prevalence of ocular morbidity is still more in aged people and the village people are getting more effect with their practices and behavior. There is a need to go with more community-based cross sectional studies and also the preventive methods to reduce and avoid the risk of ocular diseases. Venkataramana et al. Int J Community Med Public Health. 2017 Aug;4(8):2939-2945 International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health | August 2017 | Vol 4 | Issue 8 Page 2940 people, the majority of them living in rural areas, with poor access to quality eye care services. By the year 2020, this number is projected to be twice the current level, without appropriate strategies. Keywords 7Various reports have highlighted the fact that 80% of global burden of visual impairment can be prevented, treated or cured. Globally, the leading causes of blindness are a cataract, uncorrected refractive errors, glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration. Other major causes include Corneal opacities, Diabetic retinopathy, Blinding trachoma.8 Even in India, preventable and treatable causes like cataract (62.6%) refractive error (19.70%) still contribute to more than 80% preventable blindness. 6 Factors which strongly influence the occurrence and burden and pattern of ocular diseases in a particular community include age structure of the population, socioeconomic conditions, Educational status, occupational profile and environmental conditions etc., Healthcare s...
Introduction: Asthma and obesity are considered inflammatory disorders. Inflammatory markers—sputum eosinophils, C-reactive protein (CRP) and the forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) were analysed to find their association in obese asthmatics and compared with their asthma control test (ACT) to understand these parameters in this phenotype. Material and methods: After completing the asthma control test (ACT), the CRP, FEV1 and sputum eosinophils of sixty asthmatics were compared to find the association of them in obese and nonobese asthmatics and contrasted with their ACT. The data were analysed using IBM SPSS V20.0, Mann-Whitney U test (non-parametric test), Pearson’s correlation coefficient and Fisher’s exact test. Results: We found significant differences for CRP (P = 0.001) and sputum eosinophils (P = 0.001) between obese and nonobese asthmatics, both higher in obese asthmatics and with a significant association with body mass index (BMI) (P < 0.05). The FEV1 levels were independent of the BMI levels of asthmatics. There was a significant correlation between the CRP and sputum eosin-ophils (0.52, P = 0.001) for all asthmatics. There was no significant correlation between FEV1 and sputum eosinophils (nonobese P = 0.120, obese P = 0.388) and between FEV1 and CRP (obese P = 0.423, nonobese P = 0.358) in both obese and nonobese asthmatics. Obesity had an association (P = 0.001) with ACT scores (≤ 19). Conclusions: Sputum eosinophils and CRP were raised in obese asthmatics and had a positive association with BMI. Obese asthmatics had a poorer subjective asthma control than nonobese asthmatics despite FEV1 being independent of the BMI levels. Measuring the systemic inflammatory markers could help in additional interventions in reducing systemic inflammation and thus possibly facilitating better symptom control.
Nursing students, Psychological flourishing, Heartfulness selfdevelopment program. Objective: To evaluate the effects of Heartfulness self-development program in improving psychological flourishing of nursing students. Methodology: The study was designed as a prospective interventional study to examine the effects on positive psychological flourishing parameters such as empathy, optimism, self-confidence, positive outlook towards future, and social responsibilities. Participants of this study are students of a four-year undergraduate program in a nursing college in Chennai, Tamilnadu, India. Psychological flourishing scores [Ed Diener and Robert Biswas-Diener, 2009] were evaluated before and after a 24-week Heartfulness self-development program. Results: Data from 174 students was collected and analyzed using SPSS version 21.There was a significant overall increase in the psychological flourishing of nursing students after the intervention [P < 0.000*]. This improvement persisted even in the subgroup analysis based on academic year and family background. Conclusion: Significant improvements in psychological flourishing of nursing students were observed with the Heartfulness self-development program. Stress is a salient facet of nursing professionals, due to the excessive work load and long working hours they spend in tending to and taking care of patients. Nursing students experience substantial stress when they undergo training as nurses, and additionally endure anxiety from their academic pressures, financial concerns, family problems, and uncertainties of their future. In this study the intervention has substantially increased the self-confidence of the students, facilitating them to look within and explore their inner potential to successfully fulfil their goals and expectations.
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