Advertisement by Involvement of celebrities has become an essence in modern competitive marketing environment for high recognition and creation of strong product perception. Celebrity endorsement is the main focus of the study where Pakistani and Indian celebrities with their attributes are used for their endorsement effect on purchase intention. A sample of 300 was taken to assess the contrast between Indian and Pakistani celebrity endorsement effects on purchase intention in Pakistan. Similar and competitive brands are chosen which are endorsed by Pakistani and Indian Celebrities separately. Results of the study showed that endorsement through local and Indian celebrities has similar and not much significant influence on purchase intention in Pakistan, with no major difference by country of origin of celebrity. In the study consumer celebrity relationship is assessed and it confirms that attributes of celebrity (Local or Indian) are not much important for intent to purchase for existing products but quality, brand image and brand loyalty are the key factors for intention to purchase. Implication for research and practice are discussed. ARTICLE INFORMATION

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Purpose This study aims to examine the negative effects of excessive product packaging (EPP), greenwashing and green confusion on green brand equity (GBE). Furthermore, the moderating role of brand credibility in mitigating the negative effects of green marketing was investigated. Design/methodology/approach A within-subject experiment was conducted to evaluate excessive versus minimal product packaging to test the proposed hypotheses. Data analysis was performed with SmartPLS 3.3.3, which analyzed data from 206 consumers. Findings The results showed that EPP positively predicts greenwashing and green confusion. However, greenwashing has a negative impact on GBE. Brand credibility was also discovered to moderate the negative relationship between greenwashing and GBE, thereby reducing the negative effect of greenwashing. Research limitations/implications The findings imply that marketing managers should understand the consumers’ concerns for the environment, making product and brand strategies that promote environmental protection and sustainability. Originality/value This study contributes to the green marketing literature by empirically validating the positive impacts of EPP on greenwashing and green confusion, as well as the negative influence of greenwashing on GBE. Furthermore, it reveals how brand credibility can reduce the harmful effects of greenwashing on GBE.

In today's competitive environment, the development and retention of human capital has become a serious concern for organizations. This study aims to study the antecedents of employees' turnover intentions in private educational institutions. A closed ended questionnaire was distributed among 200 employees of different educational institutions. One hundred and seventy eight of them responded with total response rate of 79%. Regression analyses were performed to test the hypotheses set forth. The findings of the study revealed that turnover intentions are influenced by job stress and work environment whereas work overload has not been found as a significant predictor of turnover intentions.

In today’s competitive business environment, virtual work settings present a growing challenge for rapid solutions of organization’s complex problems. This enables an organization to pool talent and expert employees by eradicating the time and space barriers. In accordance, companies are profoundly investigating on virtual teams’ performance enhancement. Virtual work settings revolutionize workplace by providing high level of responsiveness and flexibility. Virtual work setting has also many issues and challenges which must be addressed in order to enhance the team’s performance. Hence one of the major challenge of modern work setting is virtual leadership. This review paper presents an introduction to virtual leaderships, advantages of virtual work environment, challenges and recommendations for virtual leaders to enhance the performance of virtual teams. This article also offers review of earlier published researches and reports the findings on virtual team leadership in a struggle to the present the current state of work on this topic.