The crop-livestock-forest integration systems are a form of sustainable production, creating a consortium between the cultivation of crops and forest production and the creation of pastures for livestock breeding, seeking a synergy between the system components. Therefore, integrating agricultural crops with tree species provides countless benefits to the components, such as the maintenance and increase in nutrient cycling. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the biomass and nutritional stock of Brachiaria pasture and accumulated litter in a silvopastoral system with tree species of the Cerrado. Three silvopastoral systems, formed with the forage species Urochloa decumbens (Brachiaria) integrated with three tree species, namely Dipteryx alata (baru tree), Caryocar brasiliense (pequi) and Eugenia dysenterica (cagaita), were evaluated. Litter and pasture were collected in each system at different sample distances from the tree. The amount of biomass and the nutritional contents of both components were evaluated by chemical analysis. The largest amount Brachiaria pasture biomass and largest amount of litter was found in the silvopastoral system with baru trees. The pasture differed nutritionally. The pastures associated with baru trees and to pequis have higher amounts of macronutrients. There are nutritional differences with respect to the sampling positions.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of potassium and sodium fertilization (control: 4.5kmol.ha-1 of KCl and 4.5kmol.ha-1 of NaCl), and water regimes (100% and 63% rainfall with artificial exclusion) on wood and briquette density in Eucalyptus grandis trees at 5 years, and the application of X-ray densitometry on the quality of briquettes. Tree trunk samples were obtained to determine wood density, production and briquette density by X-ray densitometry and stereometric. The artificial exclusion of rainwater promoted an increase in wood density, and the fertilization treatments versus water availability did not affect the density of briquettes. The method used to determine the briquette density influenced the average values, with an increase of 12% in the X-ray densitometry to the stereometric.
As alterações na qualidade da madeira das árvores de Eucalyptus causadas pela fertilização e disponibilidade hídrica podem influenciar as características da biomassa e do carvão vegetal. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar as características da madeira e do carvão vegetal de Eucalyptus grandis sob o efeito da fertilização com potássio e sódio (controle; 4,5 kmol ha-1 de KCl e 4,5 kmol ha-1 de NaCl) e disponibilidade hídrica (100% e 63% das chuvas, com exclusão artificial por lonas em polietileno). Árvores de Eucalyptus de cada tratamento de fertilização x disponibilidade hídrica, com cinco anos de idade, foram cortadas e obtidas amostras, na altura do DAP para a caracterização energética e física da biomassa e do carvão vegetal. A aplicação da fertilização com K e Na não influenciou as características energéticas e físicas da biomassa e do carvão vegetal. A exclusão parcial da água da chuva na plantação florestal de Eucalyptus grandis promoveu alterações nas características da biomassa e do carvão vegetal, com redução do teor de cinzas, aumento da densidade da madeira e do carvão vegetal e rendimento gravimétrico do carvão vegetal.
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