Produção de mudas de mamoeiro em função de substratos contendo esterco bovino e volumes de recipientes RESUMOO substrato e volumes dos recipientes são importantes na formação de mudas, devendo apresentar condições adequadas à germinação e crescimento do sistema radicular. Este trabalho foi conduzido em viveiro de produção de mudas da Universidade Estadual da Paraíba (UEPB), Campus IV, com o objetivo de avaliar a viabilidade de diferentes substratos e recipientes na formação de mudas de mamoeiro "Sunrise Solo". O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado com dez tratamentos constituídos por um fatorial 5 x 2, sendo 5 substratos contendo solo e doses de esterco bovino (0%; 20%; 40%, 60%, 80% v/v) e dois volumes (1L e 2L), com três repetições perfazendo trinta unidades experimentais, sendo uma planta por parcela. As variáveis avaliadas aos 63 dias após a semeadura foram: altura de muda (cm); diâmetro do colo (mm) número de folhas/planta, matéria seca da parte aérea (g), matéria seca da raiz (g), matéria seca total (g) e relação raiz parte aérea g g -1 . Os dados demonstraram que a mistura de 20% de solo e 80% de esterco bovino cultivados em sacos de polietileno com capacidade para 2L de substrato induziu o maior crescimento e produção de matéria seca das mudas do mamoeiro. Palavras-chave: Adubação orgânica, Carica papaya L, propagaçãoProduction of papaya seedlings using different substrates with cattle manure and recipients volumes ABSTRACTThe substrate and volumes of recipients are important in the formation of seedlings and must provide adequate conditions for germination and growth of the root system. This work was carried out in a seedling production greenhouse at Universidade Estadual da Paraiba (UEPB), Campus IV, aiming to evaluate the viability of different substrates and recipients in the development of 'Sunrise Solo' papaya tree seedlings. A completely randomized design was used with ten treatments composed by a 5 x 2 factorial scheme, with 5 substrates with soil and bovine manure doses (0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% v/v) and two volumes (1 L and 2 L), with three replications totaling thirty experimental units, with one plant per plot. The variables evaluated 63 days after sowing were seedling height (cm), stem diameter (mm), number of leaves per plant, shoot (g), root (g) and total dry matter (g), and root/shoot relation (g g -1 ). Data showed that the 20% soil and 80% bovine manure mixture cultivated in polyethylene bags with capacity of 2L of substrate induced the highest growth and dry matter production of papaya tree seedlings.
The residue generated from the processing of Tacinga inamoena (cumbeba) fruit pulp represents a large amount of material that is discarded without proper application. Despite that, it is a raw material that is source of ascorbic acid, carotenoids and phenolic compounds, which are valued in nutraceutical diets for allegedly combating free radicals generated in metabolism. This research paper presents a study focused on the mathematical modeling of drying kinetics and the effect of the process on the level of bioactive of cumbeba residue. The experiments of cumbeba residue drying (untreated or whole residue (WR), crushed residue (CR) and residue in the form of foam (FR)) were carried out in a fixed-bed dryer at four air temperatures (50, 60, 70 and 80 °C). Effective water diffusivity (Deff) was determined by the inverse method and its dependence on temperature was described by an Arrhenius-type equation. It was observed that, regardless of the type of pretreatment, the increase in air temperature resulted in higher rate of water removal. The Midilli model showed better simulation of cumbeba residue drying kinetics than the other models tested within the experimental temperature range studied. Effective water diffusivity (Deff) ranged from 6.4890 to 11.1900 × 10−6 m2/s, 2.9285 to 12.754 × 10−9 m2/s and 1.5393 × 10−8 to 12.4270 × 10−6 m2/s with activation energy of 22.3078, 46.7115 and 58.0736 kJ/mol within the temperature range of 50–80 °C obtained for the whole cumbeba, crushed cumbeba and cumbeba residue in the form of foam, respectively. In relation to bioactive compounds, it was observed that for a fixed temperature the whole residue had higher retention of bioactive compounds, especially phenolic compounds, whereas the crushed residue and the residue in the form of foam had intermediate and lower levels, respectively. This study provides evidence that cumbeba residue in its whole form can be used for the recovery of natural antioxidant bioactive compounds, mainly phenolic compounds, with the possibility of application in the food and pharmaceutical industries.
A umbu-cajazeira é uma das frutíferas nativas mais exploradas na região semiárida brasileira, já que seus frutos são bastante procurados. Neste sentido, objetivou-se avaliar o tratamento de planta matriz com zinco e enraizamento de estacas de umbu-cajazeira. O experimento foi conduzido sob delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com nove tratamentos, com níveis pré-determinados pela matriz "Composto Central de Box" referente às doses de zinco (0; 5,8; 30; 34,2 e 40 mg L-1) e combinações com as doses de AIB (0; 872,35; 3000; 5127,65 e 6000 mg L-1), e quatro repetições. O tratamento de plantas matrizes com zinco não afetou o percentual de estacas brotadas, número, comprimento e diâmetro de brotações, o enraizamento e a produção de massa seca de estacas de umbu-cajazeira; O ácido indolbutírico promove o enraizamento de estacas de umbu-cajazeira, sendo que, a concentração máxima de 6000 mg L-1 de AIB proporciona os maiores percentuais de enraizamento adventício, com 43,75% de estacas enraizadas.
Umbuzeiro (Spondias tuberosa Arr. Cam.) is a plant native to Brazilian semi-arid regions. Currently, there is no protocol for propagation for this species. In this sense, the aim of this study was to evaluate the propagation of Umbuzeiro by cuttings, using ethephon and indolebutyric acid (IBA). In this study, a completely randomized statistical design was used with the doses of ethephon (0, 14.5, 50, 85.5, 100 mg L -1 ) and IBA (0, 872.35, 3000, 5127.65, 6000 mg L -1 ) combined by the matrix "Central Compound Box" in 4 replicates. After application of ethephon and IBA on plants, cuttings with 20 cm length were prepared and planted in tubes with sand and organic compound (1:1 v/v) and placed in a greenhouse at 50% light under misting. The percentage of sprouted cuttings, length and diameter of the shoots, the percentage of rooted cuttings, live cuttings with and without calyx, dead cuttings, number of roots and length, dry matter of roots, leaf and total dry matter were evaluated. A combination of the doses of 100 mg L -1 of ethephon and 6000 mg L -1 of IBA increased the percentage of sprouted cuttings, number of shoots per cutting, number of roots per cuttings and promoted the rooting of 47.20% of the Umbuzeiro cuttings. The shoot formation and dry matter of Umbuzeiro cuttings were not influenced by the doses of ethephon. The IBA doses increased shoot formation and dry matter production of the umbuzeiro cuttings under greenhouse conditions.
The objective of this research was to evaluate the physicochemical quality of milk and cheese from goats-fed diets containing different concentrations of flaxseed oil in replacement of corn. Eight multiparous Saanen goats weighing 51.0 ± 8.0 kg and 67.0 ± 18.0 days of lactation were used. According to the concentrations of linseed oil inclusion in the diet, the goats were randomly distributed in a latin square (4 x 4), according to the concentrations of linseed oil inclusion in the diet (0, 1, 2, and 3%). Milk samples from each animal were collected twice a day, at regular times, during the three days of data collection in each period, for subsequent physicochemical and fatty acid profile analysis employing gas chromatography. The non-fat solids (P = 0.0302) and density (P = 0.0327) variables sgnificantly affected linseed oil in the goats' feed. Regressive effects (linear and quadratic) were not observed for other variables studied, except for lactose and density. Thus, 20 fatty acids have been identified in goat milk, which gives us an essential source of information about animal diet and milk quality concerning human health benefits. Furthermore, there were changes in the lipid profile of milk, decreasing saturated fatty acids and increasing unsaturated fatty acids, resulting in health-promoting effects.
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different irrigation blades on the presence and absence of biofertilizer on the agronomic performance of the ‘Cantaloupe’ melon in the Paraíba backwoods. The work was conducted under field conditions in the Agroecology Sector, belonging to the State University of Paraíba (UEPB), Campus IV. The experimental design was a randomized block using four irrigation blades (60, 80, 100 and 120% - ET0, (mm day-1)) with presence and absence of biofertilizer replicated six times. The following variables were evaluated: main branch length, leaf area, number of leaves, phytomass aerial part, pulp diameter, soluble solids, bark diameter, number of seeds per fruit, seed weight per fruit and weight of 100 seeds. The irrigation blade of 120% of ET0 promoted greater growth and development since biofertilizer application provided a greater number of seeds per fruit and weight of 100 seeds, there was no interaction between the factors studied in both variables evaluated in the Cantaloupe melon.
<p>O feijão-caupi responde bem à adubação orgânica, aumentando sua produtividade quando o solo é adubado com estercos de animais, compostos orgânicos, húmus de minhoca e biofertilizante. Assim, objetivou-se avaliar o acúmulo de massa seca do feijão-caupi em função de diferentes quantidades de húmus de minhoca incorporadas ao solo e biofertilizantes orgânicos nas condições do semiárido nordestino. O experimento foi conduzido em condições de campo, na Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, em delineamento experimental em blocos completos casualizados, no esquema fatorial 4 x 2, com 5 repetições. O primeiro fator correspondeu a quatro quantidades de húmus de minhoca incorporadas ao solo (0,0; 0,5; 1,0 e 1,5 kg m<sup>-1</sup>) e o segundo fator, duas adubações via foliar na forma líquida (biofertilizante comum e húmus de minhoca). Avaliaram-se os rendimentos de massa seca da: folha, caule, raiz, parte aera, total e da relação parte/aérea. Não houve interação significativa entre os fatores tratamentos testados para nenhuma das características avaliadas. O maior acúmulo de massa seca do feijão-caupi foi registrado com a incorporação ao solo de 0,14 Kg m<sup>-1</sup> de húmus de minhoca. Em termos de valores absolutos, o biofertilizante comum proporcionou maior massa seca do feijão-caupi.</p><p align="center"><strong><em>Dry matter accumulation in cowpea under organic fertilization</em></strong></p><p><strong>Abstract</strong><strong>: </strong>Cowpea responds well to organic fertilization, increasing its productivity when the soil is fertilized with animal manures, organic compounds, earthworm humus and biofertilizer. Thus, the objective of this research was to evaluate the dry mass accumulation of cowpea as a function of different amounts of earthworm humus incorporated in the soil and organic biofertilizers under the conditions of the northeastern semi-arid region. The experiment was conducted under field conditions, at Universidade Estaudal da Paraíba, in a randomized complete block design, in the 4 x 2 factorial scheme, with 5 replications. The first factor corresponded to four quantities of earthworm humus (0.0, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 kg m<sup>-1</sup>) and the second factor, two leaf fertilization in the liquid form (common biofertilizer and earthworm humus). The dry mass yields of leaf, stem, root, aera, total and part/air ratio were evaluated. There was no significant interaction between the factors treatments tested for any of the characteristics evaluated. The highest dry mass accumulation of cowpea was recorded with soil incorporation of 0.14 kg m<sup>-1</sup> of worm humus. In terms of absolute values, the common biofertilizer provided a higher dry mass of cowpea.</p>
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