The main aim of the present review was to update the available evidence on the value interest of post-competition recovery strategies in male professional or semi-professional soccer players to determine its effect on post-game performance outcomes, physiological markers, and wellness indicators. Methods A structured search was carried out following the PRISMA guidelines using six online databases: Pubmed, Scopus, SPORTDiscus, Web of Science, CINAHL and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. The risk of bias was completed following the Cochrane Collaboration Guidelines. Meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials were conducted to determine the between and within-group effects of different recovery strategies on performance, physiological markers and wellness data. Final meta-analyses were performed using the random-effects model and pooled standardized mean differences (SMD). Results Five randomized controlled trials that used Compression Garments (n = 3), Cold Water Immersion (n = 1), and acute Sleep Hygiene Strategy (n = 1) were included. Greater CMJ values at 48h for the intervention group (SMD = 0.70; 95% CI 0.14 to 1.25; p = 0.001; I 2 = 10.4%) were found. For the 20-m sprint and MVC, the results showed no difference either at 24h or 48h. For physiological markers (CK and CRP) and wellness data (DOMS), small to large SMD were present in favor of the intervention group both at 24h (-0.12 to-1.86) and
BackgroundThe COVID-19 has impacted the global economy, worsening the effects of recessions on the family economies. In Spain, the demand for social services, specially for food aid has raised. Nevertheless, the degree to which it has contributed to alleviate food insecurity, both in rural and areas, has not been assessed. Thus, the aim of this paper is to report a study to estimate the prevalence and degree of food insecurity, dietary diversity and association between sociodemographic characteristics in a sample of food aid recipients in urban and rural areas of Catalonia in the year after the onset of the COVID crisis.MethodsCross-sectional data on food insecurity, dietary diversity, household income and sociodemographic characteristics were derived from the survey in 7 different food aid distribution points from urban and rural locations. Validated questionnaires included the FAO Spanish version of Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS) and the Household Dietary Diversity Scale (HDDS). Data analysis included the study of the descriptive and correlational aspects, as well as of group comparisons based on sociodemographic characteristics.ResultsThe prevalence of severe food insecurity was 52,1% followed by 28.1% suffering moderate food insecurity. New users due to the covid showed a significantly higher prevalence of food insecurity. 66% of the participants reported to be new users since the covid crisis. Only 12,5% of the sample lived in households where all adults were unemployed, and 44,8 had a situation of full employment. Almost a third of the sample (32.3%) reported having someone in their household that suffered from any diet-related illnesses or diseases. Food insecurity was higher amongst new users. No significant differences were found in terms of HDDS. ConclusionsOur results indicate that while food aid is critical to many people’s lives, it is not adequately addressing food insecurity. This paper also provides evidence that much of the gap in food insecurity is related to dietary diversity and children in households. Social networks can serve as informal insurance or provide women with more bargaining power within the household.
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