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This study integrates mathematical model in the plan of producing a fish feed formulation by reducing the total cost without neglecting the nutrient requirements. This study focuses on producing the perfect combination of fish feed for Mystus nemurus sp. catfish in different stages of life. The mathematical model developed will consider their required nutrients in each stage, the cost of each ingredient and the amount of nutrients to be consumed (nutrient composition of fish feed ingredients). This research employs AIMMS mathematical software to assist with the computation. The results from this study obtain a much better combination of different ingredients compared to available commercial pellets in terms of nutrient composition and production cost. The combinations yield much cheaper costs yet boosts up the nutrient consumptions, which is an eye-opener for independent local fish farmers. Thorough discussion on utilizing the results with future research directions will also be included.

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Nomophobia (NMP) is not a common or a widely used term, but it does exist in the world of technology in this 21st century. The term was coined to show the fear or anxiety that mobile phone users have when being out of cellular phone contact. This term portrays negative connotation and it is always deemed as an alarming phenomenon which there is always a need to reduce NMP as it was seen detrimental to mental and physical health. The objectives of this paper are to look at the level of NMP and its relationship to learning process among Malaysians undergraduates. The study was conducted with 172 ESL undergraduates from higher learning education institutions. An adapted questionnaire that was designed and developed from a NMP questionnaire (NMP-Q) and a Mobile Learning Attitude Scale (MLAS) were used. The questionnaire investigates the severity of NMP and the frequency use of mobile phone for educational purposes among the undergraduates. The results showed NMP phenomenon is alarming, but it shows positive effects in learning process. We could change the negative connotation of NMP into positive vibes in educational context by channelling the fear and anxiety of undergraduates to a more motivating method in their learning process. Thus, mobile learning can be implemented in higher learning institutions with consideration on several aspects of NMP to achieve the bigger goals on undergraduate achievements without abandoned their mental and physical health. Keywords: m-learning; industrial revolution 4.0; smartphones

Time is a significant and massive worry in behaviour that causes difficulties amongst instructors and learners in ensuring an effective process of teaching and learning in open and distance learning (ODL) environment. This study aimed to identify instructors’ and learners’ ability to allocate time in ODL. The study was conducted with 320 respondents, and the instrument used was questionnaires. The results showed that ODL instructors and learners were challenged with many obstacles to prioritizing tasks and allocating time accordingly in their teaching and learning. A close inspection of the role of time management is much required. The most reported challenges were managing the academic schedule on ODL and multitasking while teaching and learning on ODL. Lastly, it was deemed unnecessary to have additional time to satisfy the expectations of ODL. It was found that both instructors and learners from public and private higher education institutions needed effective educational practices to succeed in ODL and blended learning. In short, time allocation in prioritizing tasks is still an obstruction to achieving effective and balanced teaching and learning system with ODL that satisfies the desire of the instructors and learners. This research suggests investigating social, cognitive, teaching and emotional presence to successfully conduct the teaching and learning process.

Students learn the art of giving a great persuasive speech to help them not only give presentations in future education levels but also in the workplace. It is considered crucial to comprehend and acknowledge the necessity of persuasion. In order to provide a more successful learning process for students who will be practising policy persuasive speaking in the future, this study explores instructors' roles in recognising the phases the students are weak in and applying pedagogical approaches. The Monroe's Motivated Sequence framework was used in this study to help undergraduate students develop persuasive writing and oral communication skills involving 64 students from various faculties in University Technology MARA, the Melaka branch. The results showed that steps 4 and 5 elements of persuasion were severely weak. Four teaching and learning strategies have been identified to overcome these weaknesses. However, these strategies must be put to the test on students during the forthcoming semester in order to determine their efficacy. This is consistent with the inclusion of employability skills in the previous study.