Background: Carcinoma stomach remains a major malignancy and accounts for 10.4% of cancer related deaths globally. Despite improvement in chemo-radiotherapy, surgery remains the primary curative modality with special emphasis on lymphadenectomy. However the extent of lymphadenectomy performed by surgeons all over the world differs. Generally speaking, in Japan and Korea, the standard curative protocol would entail a "D2" lymphadenectomy whereas in the western world it would be considered unnecessary and the standard protocol would entail a standard "D1" lymphadenectomy. Thus prompting a newer surgical therapy of modified D2 in dissection in which pancreas and spleen are preserved. Lymph nodes surrounding stomach are divided into 20 stations and these are classified into three groups depending upon the location of the primary tumour. Aims & Objectives: The aims and objectives are to compare: 1) operative time of modified D2 gastrectomy with that of D1 gastrectomy; 2) operative morbidity and mortality of modified D2 gastrectomy with that of D1 gastrectomy; 3) the disease recurrence between modified D2 & D1 gastrectomy. Materials & Method: The study entitled D1 versus modified D2 gastrectomy for Ca stomach-a prospective, comparative study was conducted in the Postgraduate Department of General Surgery, Government Medical College, Srinagar as a prospective, comparative study over a period of three years 2012-2014. Patients with resectable gastric cancer were taken as subjects for the study and were divided in 2 groups that were closely matched to avoid any bias. Assessment of both the groups was done in identical fashion as per standard protocol. One group underwent gastrectomy with D1 lymph node dissection whereas the other group underwent gastrectomy with a modified D2 lymph node dissection (spleen and pancreas preservation). The type of lymphadenectomy was decided on randomization (simple random sampling). Results: After comparing the two procedures, it was noted that: 1) modified D2 lymphadenectomy took on an

Background: Gallstones are generally uncommon in infants and children. Formation of gallstone is a very poorly understood phenomenon. In general, the risk factors for cholithiasis in infants include patients who are ill, are receiving hyperalimentation, are premature, have congenital anomalies and have necrotizing enterocolitis. Children aged 1 -5 years most frequently have hemolysis as the underlying condition [1]. Materials and Methods: From Jan 2012 to Feb 2014, a study entitled "A Prospective Study of Cholelithiasis in Children" was conducted in Postgraduate Department of General Surgery Govt. Medical College Srinagar.The patients selected for the study were in the age group of 1 to 14 years of either sex. There were a total of 141 cases, out of which only 38 had ultrasound documented gallstones. All the patients included in the study were evaluated for prevalence, clinical presentation, and pathological features of gallstones, and were analysed for metabolic causes of gallstones. Results: The prevalence of chliothiasis in symptomatic patients was found to be 26.95% higher than the prevalence of gallstones in children in other parts of world, also the mean age of presentation was 9.3 years ranging from 6 -14 years. Male to female ratio was 3:2 and male predominance was found in all age groups contrary to female predominance in adults. Most common presenting symptom was right upper quadrant pain followed by vomiting and nausea similar to presentation of symptomatic gallstones in adults. 4 patients had a positive family history of cholithiasis in the first degree relatives; 25 (65.7%) patients had no underlying risk factor for gallstones contrary to presumption that gallstones in children are mostly secondary to some hematological disorder or other predisposing factors. Chronic cholecystities was found in 81% of patients with gallstones and composition of gallstones retrieved was different from those of adult gallstones with calcium carbonate gallstones relatively common in children but composition of black and brown stones was almost similar to adult stones. Conclusion: Gallstone disease was increasingly gaining recognition in peadiatic practice due to significant documented increase in non-heamolytic cases over the last two decades. The observed gallstones prevalence, clinical presentation, pathological features of gallstones, and analysed metabolic causes of gallstones in children are different from those stones found in adults. The results of our * Corresponding author. R. Ahmad et al.150 study demonstrated that gallstones and gallstone related complications in peadiatic populations were different from the adult gallstone disease and there was an increase in prevalence of gallstones in children with no under lying risk factor for gallstones, and surgery remained the corne stone of treatment for peadiatric cholithiasis as in adults.

Situs inversus, a very rare congenital anomaly of reversal site of thoracic and abdominal organs, can be very problematic to surgeon while dealing with a case of trauma in emergency. Surgical procedures are considered difficult, complex and more challenging in patients with this condition due to the anatomical difference and position of organs. We came across an interesting and very rare case of isolated blunt traumatic diaphragmatic injury in a case of situs inversus. Traumatic injuries of the diaphragm are uncommon and isolated blunt traumatic injuries of diaphragm are very rare. Our case is very unique of its kind of situs inversus with isolated right sided diaphragmatic rupture in a 60-year-old male patient presenting 4 hours after blunt trauma to chest and abdomen. KeywordsSitus Inversus, Isolted Diaphragmatic Injury, Blunt Trauma BackgroundSitus inversus is a very rare congenital anomaly of reversal site of thoracic and abdominal organs [1]. It can be partial (only one cavity affected) or total (abdominal and thoracic organs affected). This anatomical anomaly usually does not affect survival of patient and is not considered pre-malignant [2] [3] condition, and is usually diagnosed incidentally. Surgical procedures are considered difficult in patients with this condition due to the anatomical difference and position of organs. Liver is on left side and the orientation of the hepatic vessels is reversed, and the upper right quadrant contains the spleen and stomach. Although the surgical procedures in patients with situs inversus have more complex situations and are technically challenging, the operations can be successfully performed even with extensive trauma major injuries.

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