BackgroundThree-dimensional obturation of the root canal system is mandatory for a successful root canal treatment. Using a filling material with optimal properties may enable the root canal to be sealed well and therefore obtain the desired obturation.ObjectiveTo develop a new injectable paste endodontic filling material using calcium phosphate powder and a styrene–butadiene emulsion polymer.MethodsThe powder phase comprised an equivalent molar ratio of tetracalcium phosphate, anhydrous dicalcium phosphate, bismuth oxide, and calcium chloride. The liquid phase comprised a styrene–butadiene rubber emulsion in distilled water. The powder and the liquid were mixed to achieve a paste consistency. The paste was subjected to various tests including flow, setting time, dimensional change, solubility, and radiopacity to indicate its suitability as a root canal filling material. All these tests were conducted according to the American National Standards Institute–American Dental Association for endodontic sealing materials. After passing these tests, the paste was submitted to an injectability test.ResultsThe material showed acceptable flowability with 19.1 ± 1.3 min setting time and 0.61 ± 0.16% shrinkage after 30 days of storage. We found the highest solubility at 24 h (6.62 ± 0.58%), then the solubility decreased to 1.09 ± 0.08% within 3 days. The material was more radiopaque than a 3 mm step on an aluminum wedge. Furthermore, the material showed good injectability of 93.67 ± 1.80%.ConclusionsThe calcium phosphate powder in styrene–butadiene emulsion met basic requirements for a root canal filling material with promising properties.
The purpose of this in vitro study was to compare & measure the release of fluoride ions from set tested materials, CGI (Pro-med), MGI (Ketac molar), and LCGI (Vitremer).The tested materials were made as molds with certain dimensions and each mold was placed in vial containing 100 ml. of DDW. Every 24 hrs, 5 ml. of the solution was transferred into smaller tubes to measure the fluoride release using spectrophotometer. This procedure was repeated every 24 hrs. for 14 days.The results revealed that the CGI (conventional glass ionomer) had higher release over other materials, then the MGI (modified glass ionomer) material, and finally the LCGI (light cure glass ionomer) with significant differences between them at P< 0.05.The MGI material had higher fluoride ions release concentrations over the LCGI. However, the CGI had higher fluoride ions release concentrations over other materials.
There is controversy as to which instrumentation &/or obturation techniques tochoose with which type of sealer give better apical sealing. This in vitro study aimedto evaluate the apical sealing ability of three obturation techniques and two types ofsealer.A total of 120 teeth were randomly divided into two groups; roots prepared usingstep-back and hybrid techniques. Each group of instrumented roots were subdividedrandomly into three obturation groups of 20 roots for each; each one of theseobturation techniques were used twice; once with ZOE sealer and other with AH26sealer. Then dye penetration study conducted & samples were examined under thestereomicroscope. Data had been collected from two independent examiners andstatistically analyzed using student t-test.Concerning the obturation techniques, warm vertical compaction showed bestapical sealing. Regarding sealers, AH 26 sealer had better sealing ability than ZOEsealer with highly significant difference.Warm vertical compaction obturation technique in combination with the AH 26resin sealer obturates the canals with lesser apical leakage.
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