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<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Platelet rich plasma is a recently introduced therapy for treatment of chronic painful conditions in orthopaedics, it acts mainly by promoting healing process. PRP has an increased concentration of platelets which initiate tissue repair by releasing growth factors.<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Increased concentrations of autologous platelets yield high concentrations of growth factors, subsequently leading to intensified healing of soft tissue on a cellular level. This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of platelet rich plasma injection in treatment of plantar fasciitis<span lang="EN-IN">.</span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> This study was conducted on the patients coming to orthopaedic OPD at MGM medical college and hospital, kamothe, Navi Mumbai. Total of 40 planter fasciitis cases were taken in this study. Out these 40 patients 23 were Male and 17 were female. The mean age 45.85 (range 25-75). Patients were followed up for 3 months with regular interval and at each visit vas score was evaluated and noted.Total duration of study was 3 months from October 2016 to December 2016.<strong></strong></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> The mean pre injection vas score was 7.15 (Male – 7.13, Female – 6.70). The mean vas score at time of follow up after one week was 6.20 (Male – 6.22 Female – 6.18). The mean vas score at time of follow up after 6 week was 5.62 (Male – 5.66 Female – 5.70).  The mean vas score at time of follow up after 3 months was 3.20 (Male – 3.13 Female – 3.29)<span lang="EN-IN">. </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> PRP in plantar fasciitis shows promising short term results providing patients with gradual sustained pain relief, improving daily function and lifestyle activity level. However long term results needs to be evaluated<span lang="EN-IN">.</span></p>

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is now a reliable treatment for osteoarthritis.  The aim of this study was to study the clinical and functional outcome of total knee arthroplasty using knee society score and to find association between knee functional score and knee clinical score.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> We conducted a prospective analysis of 40 cases of osteoarthritis knee patients at a tertiary care centre in Mumbai over a period of two years.  Those patients who underwent total knee arthroplasty were assessed clinically and functionally using knee society score.<strong></strong></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> The mean preoperative knee clinical score (KCS) was 49.40±13.79 which was increased to a postoperative score of 86.08±5.64 at the end of 6 month. Similarly the mean preoperative knee functional score (KFS) was 32.75±11.79 which was increased to a postoperative score of 84.43±9.59 at the end of 6 month. There was significant increase in KCS and KFC score during follow up at 1, 3 and 6 month interval. There was significant association between knee functional score and knee clinical score at every interval.</p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Total knee arthroplasty improves the functional ability of the patient and the ability of the patient to get back to pre-disease state, which is to have a pain free mobile joint, as reflected by the improvement in the post-op knee clinical score and knee functional score.</p>

Polycystic ovarian disease is a lifestyle disorder that has no specific aetiology and manifests as a group of symptoms making its diagnosis difficult. It affects about 30-40% of young girls in their reproductive age in India. The exact cause of PCOS is unknown however it has been linked to hormonal imbalance, insulin resistance resulting in hyperinsulinaemia as well as genetic factors though specific genes have not been identified so far. The sedentary lifestyle, dietary variations, lack of exercise and stress etc. are also the contributory factors. Contemporary and traditional management together can improve this condition. This paper critically reviews the contemporary and ayurvedic perspectives of polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) and recommends adoption of a holistic treatment, good lifestyle with appropriately balanced diet along with Yoga, Pranayam, Meditation and a stress-free living which can prove to be an effective management for PCOS.

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Comminuted intertrochanteric fractures with severe displacement are common in elderly patients. These patients have poor bone quality and conventional osteosynthetic procedures frequently lead to non-union and metal failure. The primary goals of treatment are stable fixation and early rehabilitation. There are a many treatment for intertrochanteric fractures but our study is on unstable intertrochanteric fractures which are challenging for a surgeon. The aim of this study was to evaluate the results of cemented bipolar hemiarthroplasty as an alternative to other treatment modalities such as DHS or PFN. 21 elderly patients with comminuted and unstable intertrochanteric fractures underwent cemented bipolar hemiarthroplasty<span lang="EN-IN">.</span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> This study includes 22 cases of intratrochantric fracture. Mean age of patients was 73.3 (range 60 - 91). All patients are treated with bipolar hemiarthoplasty. Patients are followed up for a mean period of 6 months (range 3-9 months).<strong></strong></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> These patients were evaluated using the Harris hip scoring system. 21 out of 22 had excellent to fair outcomes<span lang="EN-IN">. </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> In our study of 22 patients, 21 had excellent to fair outcomes with primary cemented bipolar hemiarthroplasty. Bipolar hemiarthoplasty offers good functional outcome and early weight bearing and mobilization<span lang="EN-IN">.</span></p>

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Previously treatment of choice for proximal tibia fracture was internal fixation by plate. Presently, expert tibia nail is widely used in treating proximal tibia fracture. Expert tibia nailing system has features like multi directional locking options in the distal and proximal part of the nail, in addition to the standard static and dynamic locking options present in IMIL Nail. Purpose of study is to evaluate the outcome of expert tibia nail in proximal tibia fracture.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> We retrospectively, reviewed thirty patients having proximal tibia fracture with age more than 18 years treated with expert tibia nail and were followed up averagely for 12 months between May2016 to May2018. All patients were compared in terms of intraoperative and postoperative parameters and functionally assessed using the Johner and Wruchs criteria at 3 weeks, 3 months, 6 months and 12 months.<strong></strong></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Functional outcome was measured by Johner and Wruhs criteria of 30 patients showed 20 excellent, 8 good, 2 patients had fair results. Average time unprotected full weight bearing walking was 7.2 weeks. Average time taken for radiological union was 18.2 weeks.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Expert tibial Interlocking Nail is good treatment option for proximal tibia fracture.</p>

Background: Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is one of the most effective surgical interventions for pain relief and functional recovery in young patients with rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, traumatic arthritis, osteoarthritis knee, hampering the daily activities in life. The encouraging TKA results have prompted a growth in TKA utilisation, particularly in younger patients and a move away from procedures such as osteotomy and UKA which have been associated with higher re-operation rates. Over the last 2 decades there has been an increasing tendency toward the use of TKA in young adults, with some countries reporting a 5-fold increase in the last 10 years. Material and Method: This study was done on the patients who underwent total knee arthroplasty (37) at MGM medical college and hospital, Kamothe, Navi Mumbai. Out of 37 patients, 6 patients did not followed up at regular interval. Only 31 patients were included in the study (18 females and 13 males) fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Total 50 knee were included in this study. Results: This study includes 31 cases fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria with total 50 knees undergoing TKA. The mean age was 46.5 years. The functional outcome was calculated using knee society score. The average knee society score was 70.5 after 6 month post TKA while it was 80.5 after 1 year with reduced pain upto 6 month and almost no pain after 1 year. Three patients were seen with MRSA positive results and were operated after been treated with mupirocin. Two patients showed superficial skin infection following TKA. Conclusions: The total knee arthroplasty is one of the most successful and patient satisfactory surgical procedure in young patients relieving pain and daily activities in life as compared to old age patients undergoing TKA. In our study we have seen that it had provided the stability and promising result, by providing back the ability to carried out daily activities by own self after undergoing TKA in young patients who were facing problems in carrying out their daily activities by providing good outcomes as measured by knee society score as compared to older patients undergoing TKA.

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Distal end radius fractures are the most common fractures seen among all orthopaedic injuries, accounts for nearly 20% of all fractures coming to the emergency department.There are various treatment modalities for distal end radius fracture which includes closed reduction and casting, closed reduction with external fixation and closed reduction with internal fixation.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> This retrospective study was done on patients who underwent distal end radius fracture surgery in the Department of Orthopaedics at MGM Hospital Kamothe in the last 2 years from May 2015 to May 2017. Total of 108 patients were included in the study, out of which 62 were males and 46 were females undergoing distal end radius fracture surgery. The mean age was 34.5 (28-75 years age group). All patients were assessed with wrist radiograph to see the collapse post-operatively and after 4-6 weeks.<strong></strong></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> The mean age was 34.5 (28-75 years age group). Out of 108, three females treated with cast lost for follow up. Out of all three modalities we took under study, we found that the average radial height in cast was 15 mm, in k wire was 10.5 mm while in external fixator was 12.5 mm. The average articular step in cast was 1.3 mm, in k wire was 2.1 mm while in external fixator was 1.8 mm. Fracture collapse was seen as 23.3% in cast, 21.4% in k-wire and 13.8% by external fixator.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Distal end radius fractures are most common fractures seen daily in both OPD and emergency. A basic idea about this fracture should be known general physicians also such as splinting as they also encountered with them routinely. External fixator is quite effective method of treatment for these fractures. In our study we have discussed closed reduction and fixation techniques and found better results with external fixator using principle of ligamentotaxis.</p>