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We determined no correlation between mammographic breast density and so-called BE in MR mammography in either premenopausal or postmenopausal women. NFT at MR mammography cannot be predicted on the basis of mammographic breast density.

Background. The use of a suction drain in thyroid surgery is common practice in order to avoid hematomas or seromas. The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of routine drainage after thyroid surgery. Methods. In this prospective randomized trial, 400 patients who underwent either a total thyroidectomy or lobectomy for thyroid disorders were randomly allocated to either the nondrainage (group 1) or the drainage (group 2) group. The volume of fluid collection in the operative bed, postoperative pain, complications, and length of hospital stay were then recorded. Results. Both groups were homogeneous according to age, gender, thyroid volume, type of procedure performed, and histopathological diagnosis. After assessment by USG, no significant difference was found between the groups in the fluid collection of the thyroid bed (P = 0.117), but the length of hospital stay was significantly reduced in group 1 (P = 0.004). Conclusions. In our experience, the use of drain for thyroid surgery is not a routine procedure. However, it should be used in the presence of extensive dead space, particularly when there is retrosternal or intrathoracic extension, or when the patient is on anticoagulant treatment. This trial was registered with clinical Trials.gov NCT01771523.

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In OSA patients, walls of central airways were thicker than normal subjects. BH may have occurred in OSA patients. NOD duration correlated with inflammatory parameters and oxygen desaturation index 3% had an effect on the thickness of bronchial walls. But overall, AHI was found to be the only independent predictor of bronchial wall thickness.

Paraganglioma affecting the cauda equina region is very rare and can be misinterpreted as an ependymoma which is more common at this site. A 38-year-old woman with a paraganglioma in the cauda equina is presented. MRI revealed a well-circumscribed, intradural, extramedullary tumor nodule with the dimensions of 2.5x1x1 cm. The patient underwent L3 laminectomy and total excision of the tumor. The tumor was diagnosed as ependymoma and the patient was decided to undergo adjuvant radiotherapy. The patient applied to our medical center for a second opinion. Histopathologically, her tumor was found to be a paraganglioma with ependymal features. Therefore no adjuvant therapy was applied. There is no evidence of recurrence or metastases for 15 months after her operation. Paraganglioma in the cauda equina/ filum terminale is very rare and can be misdiagnosed as ependymoma especially when it exhibits ependymoma-like histology. This rare form of paraganglioma behaves like a WHO grade I tumor of CNS like classic paraganglioma. No recurrence or metastasis is expected when it is totally resected. Morphology can be misleading hence immunohistochemistry and/or ultrastructural study is necessary for correct diagnosis.KeywoRds: Paraganglioma, Ependymoma-like histology, Filum terminale, Immunohistochemistry, CD 99 ÖZKauda ekuina yerleşimli paraganglioma oldukça nadir olup, bu lokalizasyonda daha sık görülen ependimoma ile karışabilir. Bu çalışmada kauda ekuina yerleşimli, ependimoma benzeri histoloji gösteren paraganglioma olgusunu sunmayı amaçladık. 38 yaşındaki bayan hastaya, MR yöntemi ile saptanan 2,5x1x1 cm boyutlarda, intradural-ekstramedüller yerleşimli, iyi sınırlı kitle nedeniyle bir başka merkezde L3 laminektomi ve kitle eksizyonu uygulanmıştır. Burada tümor, ependimoma olarak rapor edilmiştir ve hastaya adjuvan radyoterapi verilmesi kararı alınmıştır. Hasta, tanı ve tedavisi konusunda ikinci bir görüş almak üzere merkezimize başvurmuştur. Merkezimizde yapılan patolojik inceleme ve immünohistokimyasal boyamalar sonucu, tümörün ependimoma benzeri histoloji gösteren paraganglioma olduğu rapor edilmiştir. Bunun üzerine hastanın ek tedavi almamasına karar verilmiştir. Hastanın, ameliyatından sonraki 15 aylık izlemi sonucunda nüks ya da metastaz bulgusu izlenmemektedir. Kauda ekuina/filum terminale yerleşimli paraganglioma oldukça nadir olup özellikle ependimoma-benzeri histoloji gösteren olan olgular, ependimoma ile karışabilmektedir. Bu tür olgularda klinik seyir, SSS tümörleri-WHO Sınıflamasında yeralan derece I tümörlerdeki gibi olup, tedavide kitlenin total eksizyonunun yapılması yeterlidir. Morfolojik bulgular yanıltıcı olabileceği için immünohistokimyasal ve/veya ultrastrüktürel yöntemler, kesin tanı için gereklidir.

ORIGINAL ARTICLE PURPOSE The aim of this study was to evaluate the 10-gauge vacuum-assisted stereotactic biopsy (VASB) of isolated Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) 4 microcalcifications, using histology and follow-up results. METHODSFrom January 2011 to June 2013, VASB was performed on 132 lesions, and 66 microcalcification-only lesions of BI-RADS 4 were included into our study. VASB was performed using lateral decubitis stereotaxy for all patients. Pathologic results of VASB and further surgical biopsies were reviewed retrospectively. Patients who were diagnosed to have benign lesions by VASB were referred for follow-up. VASB and surgical histopathology results were compared to determine the underestimation ratios. RESULTSFifteen out of 66 lesions from 63 patients (median age, 47 years; range, 34-88 years) were identified as malignant by VASB. Pathological results after surgery revealed three cases of invasive ductal carcinoma among the 12 VASB-diagnosed ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) lesions, for a DCIS underestimation rate of 25%. The atypical ductal hyperplasia underestimation rate was 0% for the three lesions. The follow-up period was at least 10 months, with an average of 22.7 months for all patients and 21.2 months for patients with VASB-diagnosed benign lesions. None of the patients had malignancy during the follow-ups. The false-negative rate was 0% in the follow-up of 48 patients. CONCLUSION VASB should be the standard method of choice for BI-RADS 4 microcalcifications. This method obviates the need for a surgical procedure in 73% of BI-RADS 4 microcalcification-only patients.

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