The present investigation deals with morphological and ecological study of the fern Phyllitis scolopendrium the haerts-toungue fern (Asplenium scolopendrium) (Scolopendrium vulgare) within Malakan area in Erbil province (Kurdistan of Iraq) during years 2014-2015-2016. Some environmental parameters (soil PH, soil texture, cat ions and anions) were considered. Also Ferns morphology, habitat, sporophyte, sori and spores were described. Different measurement of various part of plant was performed. This study may be the first attempt to such detailed study on Phyllitis and even ferns in Kurdistan and Iraq as whole.

There are many opportunistic bacterial species that are uncommon and infrequently exist in clinical specimen, most of them are difficult to routine identification, even some of them are poorly documented in clinical specimen. also had no less role in the coordinates of the disease than common bacterial species. Six hundred and fifty samples were collected from patients attending to some hospitals in Sulaimanya City and Kalar General Hospital during the period Samples were firstly cultured on different media in order to isolate and identify bacterial isolates according to cultural characteristics, morphological features and biochemical reactions in addition to Vitek 2 system for identifying uncommon and infrequent isolates. The identification and susceptibility test were performed in Kalar General Hospital. Isolated 286(44%) bacterial strains from different clinical samples, 125 of them were identified by Vitek 2 automated system, while 23(8%) of isolates were considered as uncommon bacterial species.The antimicrobial susceptibility of uncommon isolates, showed significant variation against twenty four antibiotics. Four isolates; Acinatobacter baumanii, Acinatobacter calcoaceticus, Enterobacter ludwigii and Gemella sanguinis were resistant to all antibiotics. Whereas Aerococcus urinae, (Citrobacter freundii and Alloiococcus otitis), (Morganella morganii, Sphingomonas paucimobilis, Pantoea agglomerans, Streptococcus sobrinus and Kocuria rosea n.2), ( Ochrobactrum anthropi n.1 and Kocura kristinae), (Ochrobactrum anthropi n.2 and Kocuria rosea n.1 ), (Pseudomonas stutzeri, Pseudomonas fluorescens and Citrobacter koseri ),(Aeromonas salmonicida and Micrococcus luteus n.1) and Micrococcus luteus (n.2) resistant to the antibiotics as these percentages 95.8%, 91.6%, 87.5%, 83.3%, 79.1%, 70.8%, 66.6% and 62.5%, respectively.

Iron deficiency anaemia has become a major public health issue, especially in women of reproductive age. About 50% of anaemia is caused by iron deficiency anaemia. Numerous statistical procedures based on red blood cell parameters have been developed to easily, quickly, and inexpensively provide a differential diagnosis for the microcytic anaemia. The study aims to evaluate the reliability of the haematological discrimination indices (RBC count, Mentzer index, Red blood cell distribution width index (RDWI), Srivastava index, Green and King index, and Ehsani index) to distinguish iron deficiency anaemia from other causes of the microcytic anaemia. The blood samples were collected from non-pregnant women, and they had the microcytic anaemia. During the study, 101 blood samples were taken. A Complete blood count test and serum ferritin test were performed to calculation of the sensitivity, specificity, positive, and negative predictive value for each discrimination indices. The validity of discrimination indices was evaluated by using Youden's index. In correctly distinguishing iron deficiency anaemia from other causes of the microcytic anaemia, the Green and King index and RBC count showed the highest ability (77%) and (76%), respectively. None of the discrimination indices had 100% sensitivity or specificity. The highest and lowest sensitivity was found for the RBC count and RDWI, at 92% and 70%, respectively. The RDWI had the highest level of specificity (65%), and the Srivastava index had the lowest level of specificity (30%). The highest positive predictive value found for both Green and King, and RDWI was 78%, and the RBC count had the highest negative predictive value (78%). The Srivastava index had the lowest levels of positive and negative predictive values, 67% and 50%, respectively. According to the findings of this study, the most reliable index in the calculation of Youden's index is the Green and King index. It can be used as a pre-diagnostic tool for IDA and other causes of the microcytic anaemia.

No abstract

No abstract