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An online preconcentration technique by dynamic pH junction was studied to improve the detection limit for anionic arsenic compounds by CE. The main target compound is roxarsone, or 3-nitro-4-hydroxyphenylarsonic acid, which is being used as an animal feed additive. The other inorganic and organoarsenic compounds studied are the possible biotransformation products of roxarsone. The arsenic species were separated by a dynamic pH junction in a fused-silica capillary using 15 mM phosphate buffer (pH 10.6) as the BGE and 15 mM acetic acid as the sample matrix. CE with UV detection was monitored at a wavelength of 192 nm. The influence of buffer pH and concentration on dynamic pH junction were investigated. The arsenic species focusing resulted in LOD improvement by a factor of 100-800. The combined use of C18 and anion exchange SPE and dynamic pH junction to CE analysis of chicken litter and soils helps to increase the detection sensitivity. Recoveries of spiked samples ranged between 70 and 72%.

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Hybrid binary and ternary organic solar cell devices were fabricated from P3HT-PCBM with CdSe quantum dot materials. The binary and ternary structured solar cells were designed with the combinations of P3HT-PCBM (device A), P3HT-CdSe (device B) and P3HT-CdSe-PCBM (device C). The absorption spectra of P3HT, CdSe and PCBM were analyzed in the wavelength range from 350 nm to 800 nm. The current density-voltage characteristics of the devices were performed in the dark and under illumination to study the conduction process and solar cell performance. The ideality factor of all the devices is more , respectively. The device can be modeled as the combination of two RC parallel circuits (one for the active layer, and the other for the interface) in series with contact resistance R s $ 0 ohm for device A, B and 60 ohm for device C.

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The campus environment in a higher learning institution should be conducive to support the synergistic effects of its three basic functions namely: learning, social interactions and living. Campus conduciveness is rarely measured in the context of campus sustainability. This study will develop and establish Conducive Campus Environment (CCE) tools while measuring the level of conduciveness to improve the management of facilities, services, infrastructures and the physical environmental settings of the campus environment. It is implied in the context of campus sustainability initiatives at Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Johor, to fulfil the three basic pillars of sustainability, hence environmental, social and economic. The standardized structured questionnaires distributed among 380 students focus on facilities, services and infrastructures in the campus setting. An inferential factor analysis has been applied and the four levels of conduciveness have been developed. At last, the study reveals the adoption of CCE ca be an example on how sustainable balance score card adopted in higher learning institution.