Despite the benefits of Building Information Modelling (BIM), the adoption level of BIM remains much lower than expected. Construction companies should appraise the existing condition in the BIM implementation to ascertain the applicable progress avenues that fit the user’s traits. To achieve this aim, the objectives of this paper are i) to identify the trends of BIM maturity studies ii) to conceptualise what is BIM maturity; iii) to identify the existing models of BIM maturity iv) to identify the indicators for measuring BIM maturity in the company, the project and the industry. A systematic review was conducted on BIM maturity articles, published in the Scopus database from 2008 to April 2018. The results reveal that most BIM maturity studies are dominated by authors from the United Kingdom and the United States, but the top three authors highly-cited were from Australia, Canada and the United Kingdom. The results highlight four aspects in the conceptualisation of BIM maturity: quality of use, the extent of use, the context of use and stages of the processes. The four most frequently quoted BIM maturity models are the National BIM Standard Capability Maturity Model, BIM maturity, BIM proficiency matrix and BIM implementation models. The results revealed seven major indicators for assessing BIM maturity namely information, people, policy, process, technology, organisation and BIM output. The findings advance the practitioners’ understanding of important indicators that must be considered to initiate or increase the BIM maturity levels in their respective companies or projects.
There is a considerable amount of interest among scholars and urban designers in assessing and fulfilling a shared desire for happiness that is expressed by users of open spaces. The scope of this paper is limited to user experience in a university campus, and considerations around the impact of the setting and design of existing open spaces on stimulating positive feelings and happiness in students, and enhancing the all-round educational experience. The study is limited to young female students at the Effat University campus, in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Jeddah City. This paper aims to assess the students’ level of happiness on a university campus by examining the impact of the open spaces design and setting on the students. A cognitive map analysis is used to investigate the students’ emotional experience of the open spaces on campus. Also, a questionnaire is used to investigate the students’ preferable open spaces and the reasons for their preferences, which validate the results. The results showed that due to social and environmental conditions some decisions need to be made in response to outdoor temperatures and the spaces’ settings in order to improve their design and make a significant positive impact on students’ happiness. In addition, this could potentially result in a happier, healthier, and more efficient educational environment overall.
The timing of integrating the objectives of building's systems in the architectural design is governed by the decisions architects make. The architectural decisions regarding fire safety measures are, in some cases, hindered by cost. Such constraint keeps fire safety options to a minimum of code compliance considered at a late stage of the architectural design. Integrating and incorporating fire safety objectives at an early stage in the architectural design represents a quandary challenge for architects. This research focuses on assessing the perception of architects in academia and practice regarding their priorities for the early integration of natural smoke ventilation (NSV) in comparison to natural thermal ventilation (NTV) in buildings' design. The architectural design decisions influencing air and smoke flow patterns have been identified. The assessment was carried out through surveying architects in academia and in practice using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) technique to measure their priorities of the early integration of either NSV or NTV objectives. The results show that there is an obvious perception gap between both architects in academia and in practice. The results also identify some of the reasons that contribute to the perception gap.
Architects are confronted with the priority of the early integration of natural smoke ventilation (NSV) and natural thermal ventilation (NTV) objectives in retail building designs due to several reasons including wide range of expertise and lack of fire safety knowledge. This paper presents the perception of fire engineers (FE) and building service engineers (BSE) regarding the conceptual priorities of the early integration for particular design decisions. This was achieved through surveying FE and BSE and conducting an analytical study using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) technique. An experts' panel was held for each profession for confirmation. The results showed that FE and BSE have agreed on the most and least crucial design decisions that should/shouldn't require integration of NSV and NTV objectives in the early stages of the architectural design process.
Construction industry players are now realising the need to implement Building Information Modeling (BIM) at the preconstruction planning stage to allow spatial data of the site to be incorporated into the BIM. Incorporating spatial data in BIM as early as possible in the building lifecycle poses a new challenge to industry players, particularly to the consultants who collect and provide these data. The aim of this study is to identify important factors for incorporating spatial data into the BIM at the preconstruction planning stage. Three rounds of the Delphi method were employed to obtain a consensus among twenty construction industry experts, selected through purposeful sampling. The findings revealed seven consolidated factors, with Technology, Client Demand, and Added Value as the top three, followed by Regulations, Skilled Staff, Management Commitment and Data Management. Experts were significantly in agreement with each other, as indicated by the Kendall’s W Coefficient = 0.6505 significant at < 0.005. The findings highlight the requirements for utilizing spatial data in the BIM at the preconstruction planning stage and help the respective professional bodies to identify the prerequisites for BIM application and subsequently, improve the existing training for the professional development of their members.
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