Background Cervical cancer is known to be preventable because of the long pre-invasion period and the availability of appropriate screening methods. Pap smear is a selective screening approach, which is not taken seriously enough by many women. Methods This cross-sectional, descriptive, analytical study was performed using electronic health records of 202 women visiting the health centers chosen through the systematic sampling method. The data collection tool contained items on demographic information, awareness regarding cervical cancer, and the beliefs, attitudes, subjective norms, and enabling factors (BASNEF) model constructs. Data were analyzed using the linear regression analysis, logistic regression, and multivariate regression analysis with backward selection in SPSS, version 18. Results Based on the results, more than half of the women had never had a Pap smear test. Of the 202 women, only 14.8% had repeated the Pap smear test at the standard interval. Attitudes and subjective norms predicted the intention to have a Pap smear test among the eligible women. Overall, 10% of the changes in behavioral intention were explained by attitudes and subjective norms. In the BASNEF model, the behavioral intention was one of the most important factors that affected compliance with the Pap smear test among the eligible women. Conclusion Based on the results of this study, it is possible to improve screening behaviors among women through proper planning to increase awareness and improve attitudes, subjective norms, enabling factors, and behavioral intention. Pap smear plays an important role in controlling cervical cancer.
Purpose of study The high mortality rate of cervical cancer in developing countries is mainly related to inefficient screening programs. The aim of the present study was, thus, to determine the effect of an educational intervention based on BASNEF (Belief, Attitudes, Subjective Norms, and Enabling Factors) model on increasing the rate of cervical cancer screening (CCS) in Bandar Deir in the south of Iran. Methods A quasi-experimental educational intervention was made with 202 women participants (101 in the intervention group (IG) and 101 in the control group (CG)) in 2019–20. The sampling was convenience in type. The data were collected using a reliable and valid tripartite questionnaire (demographic information, knowledge, BASNEF constructs). A total number of 14 training sessions were held each taking 60 min, at two levels, personal and interpersonal (for family members, health workers and healthcare givers). Finally, there was a three-month follow-up held in December 2021. Results After the training, a statistically significant difference was found between the IG and CG in all model constructs (p < 0.001). Before the intervention, in the IG, the personal health score was 4.35 ± 2.52, which was increased to 5.25 ± 0.753 after the training (p < 0.001). However, in the CG, the difference was not statistically significant (p < 0.030). 63.4% of women in the IG and 32.7% in the CG performed the CCS and the between-group difference was statistically significant (p < 0.001). Attitude, enabling factors and behavioral intention were the main predictors of CCS. Conclusion The present findings showed though the training intervention based on the BASNEF model had limited resources and was run in a short time, it managed to motivate women to perform the CCS. It could maximally remove barriers at both personal and interpersonal levels and suggest strategies in the light of these barriers to achieve a successful screening program.
Purpose: The high mortality rate of cervical cancer in developing countries is mainly related to inefficient screening programs. The aim of the present study was, thus, to determine the effect of an educational intervention based on BASNEF model in increasing cervical cancer screening (CCS) in Bandar Deir in the south of Iran.Methods: A quasi-experimental educational intervention was conducted for 202 women (101 in the intervention group (IG) and 101 in the control group (CG)) between 2019 and 2020. The sampling was convenience in type. The required data were collected using a valid and reliable questionnaire in three parts (demographic part, knowledge part, BASNEF constructs). 14 educational sessions were held each taking 60 minutes long at two levels, personal and interpersonal (family members, health workers and healthcare givers). Finally, the follow-up was completed after three months in December 2021. Results: After the educational intervention, a statistically significant difference was observed between the IG and CG in all model constructs (p<0.001). Before the intervention, in the IG, the personal health score was 4.35±2.52, which was increased to 5.25±0.753 after the educational intervention (p <0.001). However, in the CG, this difference was not statistically significant (p <0.030). 63.4% of women in the IG and 32.7% in the CG underwent CCS and the difference was statistically significant (p <0.001). Attitude, enabling factors and behavioral intention were among the most important predictors of CCS.Conclusion: Our findings showed that the BASNEF-based educational intervention, with limited resources and in a short time, managed to motivate women to undergo CCS. It could maximally remove barriers at both personal and interpersonal levels and provide strategies based on these barriers to achieve a successful screening program.
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