Glass fiber reinforced polymers (GFRP), with their advantage of corrosion resistance, have potential to be used as structural members in civil engineering constructions. Pultruded GFRP angle section trusses could be used instead of steel sections in remote areas and in areas prone to corrosion. The objective of this paper is to study the strength of GFRP angle sections under concentric axial load. Glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) made of E-glass and Isophthalic polyester resin and manufactured by pultrusion process was used for the experimental study. Two GFRP angle sections of size 50 × 50 × 6 mm and 50 × 50 × 4 mm and lengths 500 mm, 750 mm, and 1000 mm were chosen for the study. Further, finite experimental element analysis of the GFRP angle sections was done using ANSYS software and validated with the experimental results. The validated FE model was used for parametric studies varying the slenderness ratio and flange width to thickness ratio (b/t) ratio. It was observed that length of the specimen and thickness influenced the buckling load and buckling mode. An increase in b/t ratio from 8.3 to 12.5 decreases the load carrying capacity by almost 60% at a slenderness ratio of 50.
Material cost is almost 50-60% of most construction projects. A better material management contributes to lesser cost for a project and also, sustainable use of available resources in the long run. This project aims to identify the major factors affecting material management in a construction project. The various factors at different stages of material management are identified and put in a form of a questionnaire. The responses to the questionnaire were obtained from the stakeholders such as architect, storekeepers, material managers, quantity surveyors, site engineers, project managers, and project engineers. The relative importance of each factor is arrived at based on the ranked response obtained from questionnaire survey. Among the factors identified, the factor ‘unclear definition of roles and responsibilities’ is ranked as the major factor that affects material management
The high-strength-to-weight ratio and corrosion resistance properties of glass-fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) composites makes them potentially well-suited for application in ship structures, bridges and off-shore oil platforms. These structures are often formed by stiffened plates and are subjected to axial load and out-of-plane load. Cutouts and openings are provided in the plates for access and maintenance. The main objective of this study was to examine the buckling behavior of GFRP-stiffened composite plates with square cutouts under a combination of axial and out-of-plane load up to failure. Four blade-stiffened composite plates without a cutout and four with square cutout were fabricated with stiffeners as a continuous layup of the flange plate using glass fiber and epoxy resin. The initial geometric imperfections were measured, and plate imperfections (Δx), stiffener imperfections (Δsy) and overall imperfections (Δsx) were calculated from the measurements. All fabricated-stiffened composite plates were tested up to failure. The finite element model was developed in ANSYS software and validated with the experimental results. It was observed that GFRP-stiffened composite plates failed by stiffener compression/stiffener tension mode of failure. The presence of out-of-plane loads and cutouts reduced the axial load carrying capacity of the stiffened composite plates.
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