Background: Overweight and obesity and its problems are the most important health and nutrition issues of adolescents in developed countries. This study aimed to determine prevalence of overweight and obesity among high school girls in Ardabil.Methods: As a cross sectional study height, weight, waist circumference and hip circumference were measured. BMI and WHR were used to assess the overweight and obesity. Data analysed by statistical methods in SPSS.19.Results: The mean age of students was 16.6±1.1 years. 0.25 of students were in age 16. According to BMI, 8.8% of all students have overweight. According to the WHR, 72 (35.1%) had WHR >0.8 which were in unhealthy high risk group.Conclusions: Results showed that the rate of overweight and obesity in high school girls in Ardabil was lower than many studies in country. So, programming for rising their knowledge about obesity related factors and increasing their physical activity and modify feeding behaviour is essential.
INTRODUCTIONRelation is said to the interaction between human which have done to estimate a specific purpose and establish a proper relationship that can be very important in people's lives. In studies of medical sciences, communicating takes place with specific purposes, such as teaching the patients, collecting clinical evaluation and assessment of possible treatment. Having CS between people is very important. Communication skills (CS) means listening and speaking relation between two persons and its feedback is very important in the medicine. The level of communication and interaction with patients, has main role in the rising the patient satisfaction, evaluation result of treatment and decreasing medical costs. In a total classification the CS levels divided in three classes such as conceptual, content and process which the first two of them have interpersonal aspects but the third has used in educational programming. [1][2][3][4] The type of interaction with patients, ability to have effective dialogue and identify their problem is one of the effective cases in raising the patient's satisfaction. 5In Molaei and et al study by using Quinn skills test, results showed that 77.7% of boys and 61.9% of girls have CS in moderate level.6 In a study done by Mahmaoudi and et al about CS between nursing and midwifery students, the CS level in midwifery students was more than nursing students and the total level of CS among students was in moderate level. 7 In a study done by Salimi and et al, results showed that the CS level in ABSTRACT Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the level of communication skills (verbal, listening, feedback) among Ardabil Azad university medical students and related factors. Methods: In this descriptive-cross sectional study, 150 medical university students selected randomly from September 2014 to September 2015. The necessary data collected by a standardized questionnaire named Interpersonal communication skills test containing 34 items having five points scale and its score ranged 34-170. Data were analyzed by descriptive and analytical statistical methods in SPSS.16. Results: 71.3% of participants were female. The mean score of student's communication skills (CS) level was 100.8±13.6 and in girls was 110.1±13.7 and in boys was 102.5±13.1 which hasn't significant differences between two genders in CS scores. There wasn't significant relation between CS in students with age, student's grade, residence place, term and participated in the CS workshop. Conclusions: Results showed that level of CS in students was in moderate level which doing interventional studies in future for raising their CS level is necessary.
INTRODUCTIONOphthalmia neonatorum or neonatal conjunctivitis is inflammation of the conjunctiva which occur in the first four weeks of newborns life with the prevalence between 0.14% to 19% in the world. 1 This infection in newborns can be varied from a slight swelling has a low discharge to systemic infections and associated with corneal ulceration, blindness and irreversible damage to the visual system of infants. Clinical protests of these infections have been reported in many parts of the world. The onset and severity of these infections is affected by many factors including the type of microorganisms conjunctivit. 3There are many risk factors for ON such as insufficient prophelaxia, extra-prophelaxia and Prom, STD history, UTI in mothers, delivery type, infection amniotic fluid and pregnancy age <34 week. 4 In a study, rate of ON in boys was more prevalent than girls.5 ON remains a significant cause of ocular morbidity, blindness and even death in underdeveloped countries and also it is one of the most common infections occurring in the first month of life that its risk factors should be work up emediatly. 6According to ophthalmia neonatorum side-effects such as risk of blindness, endophthalmitis and irreversible damage to the visual system and also given that lack of many studies in our country about ophthalmia ABSTRACT Background: The term ophthalmia neonatorum (ON) connotes infection of the ocular surface within the first month of life which have many risk factors. The severity of this infection varies from mild to server and even corne al perforation, panophthalmitis and blindness. The objective of this study was to determine the risk factors of ON in newborns at Ardabil city. Methods: this study is a descriptive cross -sectional study that was done on 40 newborns with ON at Ardabil hospitals. Data collected by visit of newborns and completed cheklists then by statistical methods in SPSS.19. Results: The mean age in infant was 9±8.1 day and the mean age of mothers was 26.4±5.1; and the mean birth weight was 2597±658.6. 27 (67.5%) of infants were male and others were female. 23 (57.5%) of infant mothers had vaginal delivery and 8(20%) of infants have Prom. 24 (60%) of infants were in the first parite. Cojuctivitis was involved in 15 (37.5%) in right side, 5 (12.5%) in left side and 20 (20%) were bilateral. 25 (62.5%) of infants were term and 15 (37.5%) were preterm. 21(52.5%) of infants had history of UTI and genital infection in their mothers. Conclusions: This study showed that ophthalmia neonatoroum is a multifactorial and multilevel problem and many factors have main role in this problem and doing future studies to recognize these risk factors is necessary.
RESULT: 40 patients were studied including 31 male and 9 female with average of 14.7 ± 3.8 years in case group and 16.2 ± 8.4 in control group. The mean disease duration in case group was 3.5 ± 3.2 years and in control group was 15 ± 4.6. Comparing the severity of complaints and symptoms two weeks after treatment in two groups, there was a statistically significant difference in the tearing (p = 0.029) and the size of papillae (p = 0.006). There wasn't significant difference on other complaints and symptoms between two groups and no adverse effects of treatment with Mitomycin-C were observed. CONCLUSION: This study showed that use of topical mitomycin-C 0.01% along with usual routine drugs reduces the severity of tearing and the size of papillae and it may be considered as a conventional treatment on patients with severe V.K.C. INTRODUCTIONSeasonal conjunctivitis is the most severe form of allergic conjunctivitis which is mostly seen in young men. The main immunological mechanism is unknown [1][2] . The prevalence of vernal keratoconjunctivitis (V.K.C) in a study conducted by Leonard et al. was estimated as 7.8 per 100,000 that was more prevalent among young men than young women [3] . Sacchetti and et al in a study stated that the quality of life in children can be directly correlated with the prevalence of V.K.C in them [4] . Also Kumar et al. discussed about new therapeutic approaches for the management of vernal keratoconjunctivitis in children [5] . The disease is usually self-limiting but sometimes they are more serious and their control is difficult. If the symptoms are not limited by themselves or cause pain to the patient, medicine is prescribed that include mast cell stabilizers and steroids. Symptoms ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Corticosteroids and mast-cell stabilizers are commonly used in treatment of vernal keratoconjunctivitis (V.K.C), but regarding the side -effects of the agents and poor response in severe cases, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of low dose topical mitomycin-c 0.01% in the treatment of severe vernal keratoconjunctivitis. METHODS: In a double blind randomized clinical trial, 40 patients with V.K.C were randomly assigned to two equal size groups. One group received topical 0.01% Mitomycin-C and another group received placebo. Complaints (tearing, itching, and mucosal discharge) and symptoms (papillae, Micropannus, hyper injection, corneal and limbus involvement) were assessed at the baseline and 2 weeks after treatment in two groups. Data were analyzed by statistical methods in SPSS.16.
Background: The transient increase of intraocular pressure (IOP) following neodymium YAG laser capsulotomy can occur in a significant number of patients, which requires prophylactic treatment with IOP reducing drugs, and in some patients, postoperative IOP monitoring. This study was performed to compare the efficacy of brimonidine 0.2% versus latanoprost0.005% (Xalatan) in preventing the IOP elevation after YAG laser posterior capsulotomy in patients visiting ophthalmology clinic in Alavi Hospital.Methods: This study was a randomized, double-blind clinical trial that included 100 patients who had developed posterior capsule opacification (PCO) as a result of previous cataract surgery and were candidate for undergoing YAG laser posterior capsulotomy. The patients were randomly divided into two groups of 50 patients. One group received brimonidine 0.2% one hour before surgery, and the other group received Xalatan 0.005% in the night before laser surgery. In both groups the patients' IOP was measured in baseline, 1, 2, 3, 24 hours, 3 days and one week after surgery. The gathered data were analyzed using statistical methods in SPSS.16.Results: The mean IOP, 1, 2, 3, and 24 hours, 3 days, and one week after surgery didn't show any significant difference between two groups. IOP one hour before surgery changed significantly compared to one hour after surgery and a statistically significant relationship was found between the two groups, though at other times of measurement, the differences were not significant.Conclusions: Results showed that using Brimonidine 0.2% or Latanoprost 0.005% as prophylactic before YAG laser posterior capsulotomy could be effective in preventing IOP after treatment.
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