Diabetes is a metabolic disorder caused due to an absolute lack of insulin or due to insulin resistance & impaired insulin secretion..It is a major medical problem throughout the world. In India it is estimated that there are 37.77 million diabetics and will contribute to 57 million diabetics by the year 2025 (1).. It is the leading cause of blindness between ages 20 & 74 in US (2). Diabetes can affect nearly every part of ocular anatomy. Ophthalmic complications of diabetes include diabetic retinopathy, delayed corneal healing, glaucoma, poor pupillary dilation, corneal nerve palsies etc. Diabetes retinopathy is the most common and potentially most blinding of the complications and remains the number one cause of new blindness in most industrialized countries (3,4).The researchers report that the prevalence of any diabetic retinopathy is 34.60%. The prevalence of proliferative diabetic retinopathy is 6.96%, diabetic macular edema is 6.81%, and vision threatening diabetic retinopathy (VTDR) is 10.20%(5). Prevalence of blindness due to DR has been estimated to be 5% and may be as high as 8%. Among the risk factors of diabetic retinopathy, the duration of diabetes is probably the strongest predictor for development and progression of retinopathy (6). The other risk factors include poor glycemic control, nephropathy, pregnancy, hypertension, dyslipidemia, obesity and anemia. The protective effect of glycemic control has been confirmed by The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT) (7) and The U.K. Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) (8). Dyslipidemia is a known risk factor for diabetic renal disease, but the effect of serum lipids on diabetic retinopathy and macular edema is still under investigation (9-11).
This study aimed to assess the severity of Macular Edema in patients with diabetic macular edema using Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography (SD-OCT), a technique for high-resolution cross-sectional imaging of the retina and to describe various morphologic patterns of diabetic macular edema (DME) demonstrated by optical coherence tomography (OCT) and correlate them with visual acuity. METHODS: A total of 158 eyes of 100 patients with diabetic retinopathy were studied. Optical coherence tomograms were obtained in a radial spoke pattern centered on the fovea. Macular thickness was reported numerically as averages in each of nine regions. All patients with DME underwent OCT evaluation. The OCT scans were evaluated for the presence of diffuse retinal thickening (DRT), cystoid macular edema (CME), posterior hyaloidal traction (PHT), serous retinal detachment (SRD), and traction retinal detachment (TRD), the retinal thickness was measured and correlated with visual acuity. RESULTS: Optical coherence tomography was able to quantify the development of both foveal and extrafoveal macular thickening. The (Mean±SD) Central Macular thickness was (502.8±121.9) in eyes with NPDR and (534.3±152.1) in eyes with PDR. Foveal thickness measured by OCT was highly correlated with visual acuity. Two hundred two OCT scans of 158 eyes of 100 patients were identified. OCT revealed five morphologic patterns of DME: DRT (61.88%); CME (24.75%), SRD without PHT (6.93%); PHT without TRD (5.45%); PHT with TRD (0.99%).Increasing retinal thickness in all patterns was significantly correlated with worse visual acuity (P <0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Optical coherence tomography was a useful technique for quantifying macular thickness in patients with diabetic macular edema. DME exhibits five different morphologic patterns on OCT. There is a significant correlation between retinal thickness and visual acuity.
Objective: To compare the surgically induced astigmatism following two different techniques of cataract surgerymanual SICS (Small Incision Cataract Surgery) and standard ECCE (Extra-Capsular Cataract Extraction). Materials and Methods: Subjects consisted of patients, aged 10-80 years, from both sexes and divided into two groups of 100 each (one eye per patient). One group was operated with manual SICS and the other with standard ECCE technique. Results: The mean surgically induced astigmatism (SIA) in the SICS group during the sixth week postoperative follow up was found to be 0.66D ± 0.60 SD (Standard Deviation) compared to 2.25D ± 1.23 SD in the ECCE group. At 6 th week follow up, no patient in the SICS group had SIA more than 3D whereas in the ECCE group 30% of the patients had astigmatism >3 D. The induced astigmatism between the two groups had a p-value of <0.001 which is highly significant. Conclusions: It is concluded that SICS induces less surgically induced astigmatism, less inflammation, less complications influencing the overall visual prognosis and quick stabilization of refraction, hence providing better and rapid visual rehabilitation in the postoperative period as compared to the patients in the ECCE group.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.