BACKGROUND The effect of changes in intestinal microbiota on constipation is contraversial. Constipation is more prevalent in elderly. Therefore, the current study was designed to assess the role of modulating inflammatory cytokines in old age patients with constipation by evaluating the serum levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 1 (IL-l), and interleukin 6 (IL-6). METHODS This case-control study was done on 100 participants, aged 65 years or higher, with and without functional constipation according to ROME III criteria (50 participants in each group). Baseline demographic, clinical characteristics, and serum levels of TNF-α, IL-1, and IL-6 were compared between the case and control groups. Independent t test and Chi-square test were used for analysis of data. RESULTS Mean levels of TNF-α, IL-1, and IL-6 were (666.80 ± 101.40 pg/mL vs. 489.20 ± 53.68 pg/mL, p < 0.001), (435.96 ± 52.31 pg/mL vs. 296.44 ± 45.50 pg/mL, p < 0.001) and (438.18 ± 59.57 pg/mL vs. 290.14 ± 36.39 pg/mL, p < 0.001) in the case and control groups, respectively. A reverse correlation was found between the aging process and TNF-α (r = -0.26; p = 0.04), as well as IL-1 level (r = -0.41; p = 0.003) in the control group. A direct correlation was observed between the aging process and TNF-α (r = 0.40; p = 0.004) and IL-6 (r = 0.44; p = 0.002) levels in the case group. CONCLUSION This study showed a significant association between the serum level of modulating inflammatory cytokines and age-related constipation in Iranian subjects. It seems that the serum level of modulating inflammatory cytokines can be affected by diversity and abundance in the gut microbiota. The role of diversity in microbial population and their abundance in gut must be evaluated in further studies.
Objectives This study aimed to determine the prevalence and factors associated with constipation among elderly people. Constipation is a common condition affecting elderly people and may lead to complications such as urinary retention and overflow incontinence. Methods & Materials This case-control study was conducted on 100 consecutive patients, aged 65 years and older (50 with constipation according to ROME III criteria and 50 without constipation) who were referred to the Gastrointestinal Clinic of Rasoul-e-Akram Hospital. For statistical analysis of the data obtained, SPSS (version 16) for Windows was used. Results The frequencies of using polypharmacy, calcium channel blocker, anticholinergic drugs, also factors such as immobilization, dehydration, low fiber diet, diabetes, hypothyroidism, stroke, malignancy, renal failure, and Parkinson disease were higher in patients with constipation compared to those without this complaint. There was no significant difference in consumption of opium or having depression. Conclusion By eliminating the risk factors of constipation, we can reduce constipation and the side effects of using laxatives in the elderly. A B S T R A C T Key words:Constipation, Elderly, Risk factors of constipation Received: 31 Oct. 2016 Accepted: 21 Feb. 2017 Extended Abstract Objectivesonstipation is defined as difficult or incomplete and irregular bowel movements. According to the literature, constipation is the most common digestive problem in the United States of America, and it is more of a symptom than a disease. This problem can be seen in women and adults older than 65 years old. In the next few years, as Iran will move toward population aging, one of the biggest health problems that could affect this population could be C constipation. Notably, knowing the risk factors of constipation is not enough and taking a careful history and reviewing drugs used by the elderly must be considered, too. As the elderly people cannot express their concerns and provide their detailed history while communicating with their doctors due to cognitive and memory problems, it is necessary to conduct a comprehensive assessment irrespective of their chief complaints. In this study, we aimed to determine the risk factors and the prevalence of constipation in the elderly people. Constipation is a common problem among elderly people and may lead to complications such as urinary retention and incontinence overflow if left untreated. Paying more attention to medical history to identify risk factors will pre- Methods & MaterialsIn this study, old people referred to the Clinic of Gastroenterology in Rasoul Akram Hospital in 2015 with complaints of chronic constipation were included. Simultaneously, a group of old people with no complaints of constipation referred for annual examination were recruited as the control group. The relevant information such as age; gender; history of diseases; polypharmacy (more than five drugs); using anticholinergic drugs, opium consumption, non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs, calciu...
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