Environmental pollution and ecosystem dysfunction are one of the most important problems of the today’s world. Assessment of toxigenic properties of effluents from the meat-processing enterprise was carried out using the short-term microorganisms biotests in vitro. Both native waste water and its ether and water fractions were investigated. The probes’ sterilization was carried out by filtration through the sterile membrane filters Synpor with pores diameter of 0.45 m. Mutagenic activity of wastewaters was determined using the Salmonella/microsomes plate with in vitro metabolic activation and without metabolic activation (Ames test). As a metobolic activation the rat liver microsomes were used. Studying of the DNA-damaging activity was carried out using the suspension method modification on the mutant Escherichia coli strains, in which the functioning of one reparation systems is suppressed: uvrA-, recAand рol A-. Native waste water doesn’t have an influence on the mutant strains recAand рol A-, its survivability degree is in the range 96-100%. However, DNA-damaging action was registered for the strain with the damaged excision repair (uvrA-), survivability of which was 81.31%. Ames test of wastewater and its fractions didn’t reveal any mutagenic activity. The tests used in this work allow one to comprehensively estimate the genetic danger of the enterprise wastewaters within a short time and are recommended as test-systems for monitoring the ecological safety of wastewaters.
The advanced energyand resource saving technologies for purification of industrial waste waters from the food production include both anaerobic biotechnologies, and the combined ones, which include anaerobic and aerobic purification steps. They possess such advantages as economic efficiency, high purification efficiency, minimal formation of excess sludge and ability to obtain alternative energy carrier - biogas. The aim of this investigation was to perform optimization of the process of anaerobic-aerobic biological purification of wastewaters from the milk treatment enterprise. During our investigation we have studied relations between the efficiency of the process of anaerobic-aerobic biological purification of wastewaters of the milk treatment enterprise and specific organic load. We investigated influence of the spatial separation of the anaerobic step of purification with directed succession of the microbial community, which performs the sequence of destruction of the organic compound on the process efficiency. It was shown, that the preliminary anaerobic purification of wastewaters from the milk treatment enterprise allows one to significantly reduce organic load at the aerobic stage of the purification facilities and remove up to 85% of the organic compound. With increase of the specific organic load from 1.4 up to 2.8 kg COD·m -3·days-1 we see a drastic improvement of the efficiency characteristics both for anaerobic and aerobic stages. The redox-potential of the fermentation medium depends on the metabolitic activity of the microbial community and might be used as an efficiency characteristics for destruction of the organic compound at the anaerobic stage, and as an indicator for the oxygen saturation of the medium at the aerobic stage of purification.
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