Objective: Transmucosal buccal drug delivery could be an alternative for oral administration for systemic delivery of Verapamil Hydrochloride (VH), as it has low bioavailability 20 -35 % due to its extensive first pass metabolism and variable absorption at GIT. Method: Buccal patches of VH were prepared by solvent casting method using bioadhesive polymers HPMC K4M, Carbopol 934P, Chitosan acetate and Okra mucilage isolated from Hibiscus esculantus fruits, in various combinations as per 2 4 half factorial model. The prepared medicated patches were subjected for in vitro and ex vivo characterization. Results: The mass uniformity, thickness, drug content, surface pH and folding endurance for the medicated patches were found satisfactory. The formulation contains Chitosan acetate and Okra mucilage has moderate swelling 38.86 % w/w in 2h, ex vivo mucoadhesion strength 27.78 ± 0.12 g on porcine buccal membrane and sustained in vitro release rate as 73.14 % (F7) and Carbopol 934P. No significant changes were observed in the Physical and chemical characteristics during short term stability study. Chemical compatibility of VH with polymers was confirmed by FTIR spectroscopy. Conclusion: Overall, Chitosan acetate and Okra mucilage imparts good physical properties to the buccal patch, significantly controls release and diffusion of VH from the matrix film with satisfactory bucco-adhesion.
Objective: The main objective is to investigate anti-oxidant activity of ethanoic and aqueous extract of Citrullus colocynthis (EECC &AECC) in streptozotocin -induced diabetic rats. Methods: Acute toxicity study of EECC and AECC was carried out in rats to determine its dose for further study. Oral glucose tolerance test was performed to evaluate EECC and AECC on elevated blood glucose levels. Diabetes was induced in rats by administration of streptozotocin (STZ) (45mg/kg) and it was confirmed after 48hrs after induction. Both the extracts of Citrullus colocynthis was given intraperitoneally to the diabetic rats up to 15 days and blood glucose levels were estimated after 10 days. On the 15 th day of the experiment, rats were sacrificed for the anti-oxidant estimation in liver homogenate. Results: Acute toxicity of EECC and AECC did not show toxicity and death up to dose of 2000mg/kg. Both the extracts at 200 and 300mg/kg doses significantly (p<0.001) reduced blood glucose levels in OGTT. Both the doses of EECC and AECC treatment significantly (p<0.001 & p<0.001) showed free radical scavenging action with DPPH, NO and Reducing power assay in-vitro and in-vivo when compared with STZ treated rats were found to be very close to the standard Ascorbic acid. Conclusion: From the above results it was concluded that the plant extract is having the ability of managing hyperglycemia and complications of diabetes in STZ induced diabetic rats. Hence the plant may be considered as one of the source for the isolation of new oral anti-hypoglycemic agent.
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