Treatment of oil and soap industrial wastewater using aluminum and iron electrode material has been investigated in this study to compare for each electrode, the performance of the electrocoagulation process. The effectiveness of relevant industrial wastewater characteristics such as the chemical oxygen demand (COD) and oil-grease removal effects of major operating parameters such as medium pH value, electrode material, and current density, and running time and energy consumption were studied. All experiments were done in an electrocoagulation cell with an effective volume of 500 mg/ liters. Under the same operating conditions, it was observed that aluminum electrodes have higher efficiency of removal than iron electrodes. COD and O&G removal efficiencies of 94.93%, 90.20% and 27.49%, 13.27% were observed for aluminum and iron electrode in a special case with optimum initial pH value, maximum current density, time, and initial COD concentration equal to 3, 73.33 A/m 2 , 30 min, 19750 mg/l, respectively. The electrode energy consumptions for each electrode material have been calculated to be 1.68, 3.04 KWh/kg COD for Aluminum and iron respectively at 15 volts. It can be concluded that the electrocoagulation process using aluminum electrodes is efficient for COD and O&G removal from industrial wastewater.
Controlling trihalomethanes (THMs) formed in water distribution systems (WDS) is an important issue for producing safe drinking water in the last decades. The main objective of this study is to design WDS to minimize THMs formation. Implemented case of Bani Suef water distribution system (BSWDS), Egypt, was modeled and studied for operating scenarios 2020 and 2040 (case study) using WaterCAD software, alternative [1]. Drinking water samples were collected from fifteen points located on BSWDS according to monthly sampling program performed between February and September 2015. Laboratory analysis showed that the total growth rate coefficient was 1.157 day−1, used in THMs prediction by WaterCAD. Three design alternatives [2, 3, 4] were prepared to reduce the formed THMs based on WaterCAD results. Alternative [2] represented new design of alternative [1] through using decreased pipes diameters to study the effect of reducing travel time on minimizing THMs. Alternative [3] was prepared by redesigning alternative [1] using extending new pipelines from dead ends. Alternative [4] was prepared by redesigning alternative [1] through replacing asbestos cement pipes with new UPVC ones. Predicted THMs from alternatives [2, 3, 4] are lower about 27.85, 21.82 and 11.4% than alternative [1], respectively, for 2020. While, for 2040, are lower about 26.41, 20.2 and 11.4%, respectively.
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