The article is devoted to determinе the parameters of the equivalent torsional scheme of the crankshaft of automotive internal combustion engines. The parameters that depend on the design features of the studied engines include the number and moments of inertia of the motor masses, the stiffness of the shaft sections and their length. Currently used methods are based on empirical data and require their identification for each specific model of the engine under study. To improve the adequacy of the data obtained, it is necessary to conduct fullscale tests of the crankshafts for stiffness. Modeling the spatial structure of the crankshaft by finite elements with further determination of the studied parameters, although it facilitates the task, requires subsequent mandatory verification of the model used. To unify the calculation methods and reduce their complexity, it is proposed to consider the elastic-deformable section of the crankshaft, taking into account the geometric parameters. The accuracy of the results obtained depends on the curve equations describing the elastic deformation surface of the crankshaft transition sections. A preliminary evaluation of the crankshaft parameters can be performed on a piecewise linear surface. Reducing the sampling step increases the accuracy of the results. In the same way, we can take into account such design parameters of the crankshaft as the overlap of the necks, the presence of cavities inside the main and connecting rod necks. The proposed method can be used for automate crankshaft calculations of modern automotive internal combustion engines.
The practice of operating machinery and equipment that are used in animal husbandry and in the processing of its products has shown low reliability of feed crushers. As of 01.01.2019, in the agricultural enterprises of the Republic of Tatarstan there are about 1200 machines for grinding feed, of which 800 pcs. are hammer crushers. Most of these crushers have a service life of 10 to 13 years and are objects with low reliability. Mostly emergency stops occur due to the destruction of the rotor bearings. In the event of a sudden failure, unplanned repairs and a decrease in production efficiency occur. At the Department of Operation and Repair of Machines of Kazan State Agrarian University, research was carried out and a scientific result was obtained, which was implemented in the adapter to the vibrometer to determine the residual life of rolling bearings. Input data for this device were obtained during operational research and further analysis of the data.
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