The crude case fatality rate (CFR), because of the calculation method, is the most accurate when the pandemic is over since there is a possibility of the delay between disease onset and outcome. Adjusted crude CFR measures can better explain the pandemic situation by improving the CFR estimation. However, no study has thoroughly investigated the COVID-19 adjusted CFR of the SAARC countries. This study estimated both survival interval and underreporting adjusted CFR of COVID-19 for these countries. Moreover, we assessed the crude CFR between genders and across age groups and observed the CFR changes due to the imposition of fees on COVID-19 tests in Bangladesh. Using the daily records up to October 9, we implemented a statistical method to remove the delay between disease onset and outcome bias, and due to asymptomatic or mild symptomatic cases, reporting rates lower than 50% (95% CI: 10%–50%) bias in crude CFR. We found that Afghanistan had the highest CFR, followed by Pakistan, India, Bangladesh, Nepal, Maldives, and Sri Lanka. Our estimated crude CFR varied from 3.708% to 0.290%, survival interval adjusted CFR varied from 3.767% to 0.296% and further underreporting adjusted CFR varied from 1.096% to 0.083%. Furthermore, the crude CFRs for men were significantly higher than that of women in Afghanistan (4.034% vs. 2.992%) and Bangladesh (1.739% vs. 1.337%) whereas the opposite was observed in Maldives (0.284% vs. 0.390%), Nepal (0.006% vs. 0.007%), and Pakistan (2.057% vs. 2.080%). Besides, older age groups had higher risks of death. Moreover, crude CFR increased from 1.261% to 1.572% after imposing the COVID-19 test fees in Bangladesh. Therefore, the authorities of countries with higher CFR should be looking for strategic counsel from the countries with lower CFR to equip themselves with the necessary knowledge to combat the pandemic. Moreover, caution is needed to report the CFR.
Cancer is predicted to be a progressively vital reason behind morbidity and mortality in the next few decades, in all regions of the world. In Bangladesh, about 150781 new cancer cases occur in 2018 and caused about 108137 deaths. Stomach and colon cancer have 6.3% and 2% of the total cancer deaths in Bangladesh. However, to the best of knowledge, no study has been conducted in Bangladesh on the survival probabilities of stomach and colon cancer patients. Therefore, we aimed to conduct a study on the survival probabilities of stomach and colon cancer patients with respect to sex, age, and body mass index. Only sixty-five patients with stomach or colon cancer from the eight divisional cities in Bangladesh were observed. A non-parametric, Kaplan-Meier product limit estimate for survival probabilities was utilized in this study. Less median survival time for female patients (22 months) than for males (31 months) was found. Almost similar patterns were observed for patients older than 45 years compared to younger patients and overweight patients. Taken together, this study suggests that male, younger and healthy weight patients’ survival probabilities are higher than female, older and overweight patients respectively. To avoid these kinds of diseases and increase survival probabilities, we should always take a balanced diet and doing exercise regularly to keep a healthy weight. Government and non-government organizations need to take proper steps to create awareness levels among the people as well. Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. March 2020, 6(1): 123-129
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