A design of an optimal backstepping fractional order proportional integral derivative (FOPID) controller for handling the trajectory tracking problem of wheeled mobile robots (WMR) is examined in this study. Tuning parameters is a challenging task, to overcome this issue a hybrid meta-heuristic optimization algorithm has been utilized. This evolutionary technique is known as the hybrid whale grey wolf optimizer (HWGO), which benefits from the performances of the two traditional algorithms, the whale optimizer algorithm (WOA) and the grey wolf optimizer (GWO), to obtain the most suitable solution. The efficiency of the HWGO algorithm is compared against those of the original algorithms WOA, GWO, the particle swarm optimizer (PSO), and the hybrid particle swarm grey wolf optimizer (HPSOGWO). The simulation results in MATLAB–Simulink environment revealed the highest efficiency of the suggested HWGO technique compared to the other methods in terms of settling and rise time, overshoot, as well as steady-state error. Finally, a star trajectory is made to illustrate the capability of the mentioned controller.
The present investigation suggests a novel control technique that merge the advantage of the adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) with the proportional integral derivative (PID) controller, abbreviated as (ANFIS-PID), for dealing with the dynamics of the of wheeled mobile robot (WMR). A comparative study of various meta-heuristic optimization algorithms is made. The results revealed the highest efficiency of the suggested ANFIS-PID technique compared to seven designed PID controllers, in terms of settling and rise time, overshoot, and the integral square error (ISE) as a cost function. Various cases, study (circular path, diamond path, zigzag path) have highlighted the over performance of mentioned controller. Moreover, this hybrid technique is fused with backstepping approach for the kinematic control. A lemniscate and a square trajectory were performed to clarify the capability of the mentioned controller.
This study aims to address the challenge of low-cost hardware implementation of a combined backstepping with fractional order PID (FOPID) controller for mobile robots in real-time applications. Moreover, this work proposes a self-designed mobile robot prototype that is easy to realize, low in cost, spares time, and reduces human effort. This robot platform was equipped with two DC motors with quadratic encoders and two passive wheels, controlled by an Arduino mega, where the software code was developed in the Matlab-Simulink environment, using Simulink support package for Arduino. Four case studies were conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of the suggested methodology. Experimental results demonstrate improved trajectory tracking performance with less tracking error and smooth control efforts, and is capable of handling trajectories with continuous and non-continuous gradients.
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