Background: Secondary lactose intolerance occurs commonly from intestinal inflammation following infection recommending avoidance of milk contains lactose. Objectives: To identify the role of lactose-free milk (LFM) in the treatment of acute diarrhea in children ≤ 2 years in Al-Ramadi Maternity and Childhood Teaching Hospital in Ramadi city, Iraq. Materials and methods: This A single-blind randomized controlled trial study was done on babies ≤ two years old who presented with acute diarrhea. Two hundred cases were chosen randomly, 100 of them were received LFM added to the regime of management of diarrhea (group A), and the other 100 cases were received ordinary formula milk (OFM) (group B). Babies who were breastfeeding, those with chronic or bloody diarrhea, and those who received antibiotics were excluded from this study. Data about age, gender, the response ( stopping diarrhea), and its duration within 3 days were recorded. Results: The response of stopping diarrhea after 3 days among group A was 89%, while group B was 67%. There was a highly statistically significant difference between the 2 groups (P-value = 0.001). Out of 44 babies in the age group 0-6 months in group A, there were 42 (95.4%) who respond to therapy, and it was the highest age group affected. There was a high statistically significant difference (P-value = 0.003) between the rate of response and the age group in group A. However, there was no significant difference (P-value > 0.05) between the gender and the response rate. Moreover, there was no significant difference (P-value > 0.05) between the rate of response and the age and gender of the babies in group B. There was a statistically significant difference (P-value < 0.05) between group A and B concerning the mean duration of response (55.06 hours ± 11.304 in group A, and 63.58 hours ± 8.727 in group B). Conclusion: There were a high response rate and rapid response among young children with acute diarrhea after giving LFM in comparison with OFM.
Background: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most widely recognized neurobehavioral problem of children, which can interfere with the social and academic level. Objectives: To detect the prevalence of ADHD among primary school students in Tikrit city, Iraq, and to find the effect of the disease on school performance. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study was done among students in 6 primary schools for boys and girls during the studying year 2012-2013. The criteria of diagnosis were done according to the American Psychiatric Association. Students who fulfill the criteria were included and the following parameters were studied including age, gender, family history, mother education, socioeconomic status of the family, and school performance. Results: The prevalence rate of ADHD in this study was 8.67%. Boys were mostly affected (65%). Most of them were under 9 years old (49%). Inattention subtype was mostly found in this study (38%) followed by combined (34%) and then hyperactive (28%). Positive family history was found in (43%) of cases. The education level of their mothers was intermediate or secondary school level (37%). The majority of the cases were from the middle socioeconomic status (53%). Poor school performance was seen in 69% of the cases. Conclusion: ADHD is a big problem among students of primary schools in Tikrit city with a significant effect on the academic state.
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