Spillways with Highly Converging Chutes (HCCs) are a non-conventional alternative that can be applied to achieve a higher outflow capacity when the weir length exceeds the width of the valley at the toe of gravity or arch dams. This kind of spillway has been used in the past, but no general studies have yet been published. This article summarizes experimental research work aiming to increase the knowledge of the effect of some design parameters of HCCs on the energy dissipation in the stilling basin at the toe of the dam. As a comparison reference, we use the Type I stilling basins, widely known by the technical dam engineering community. The obtained results show that spillways with HCCs are a promising alternative to traditional designs, combining the ability to increase the weir length with a high capacity to dissipate energy through the impingement effect of the frontal and the side jets inside the stilling basin.
The sky-jump spillway is an economical and effective solution to return water to a river, eventually complemented by a pre-excavated basin. However, an inappropriate design could endanger spillways and even the dam itself. For the design of a sky-jump it is necessary to evaluate the position and dimensions of the potential pre-excavated basin based on the characteristics of the water flow to be evacuated and the geometric configuration of the sky-jump. The jump of the water jet occurs when a certain flow rate is reached. This flow rate for the initiation of the jet flow determines the position of the impact area closest to the spillway. We propose a new formula for the determination of the flow rate for the initiation of the jet flow, which incorporates as a novelty the influence of the curvature of the flip bucket. A methodology for the direct determination of the flow rate for the initiation of the jet flow is also presented. The new formula and methodology, based on experimental laboratory work and numerical modeling, will support the designer to choose the energy dissipation way, in the riverbed or inside the flip bucket, for low and frequent discharge flows.
The sky-jump spillway is an economical solution to return water to rivers, but an unsuitable flip bucket design might jeopardize the spillway, the dam, or other appurtenant works. Characterizing in advance, during the design phase, the position, size, and shape of the erosion basin would be useful to ensure that water flow is returned to the river in a safe way. Also, it would be useful for the safety assessment throughout the exploitation phase when erosion has not yet reached its maximum extension. Here, based on experimental laboratory work, the location, size, and shape of the erosion basin are analyzed, and a procedure is given for its characterization according to the design of the sky-jump spillway.
x del área de impacto. Se ha observado que cuanto mayor es el ángulo de lanzamiento, en el rango de ángulos ensayado, mayor es la profundidad de erosión, y la forma del cuenco de erosión se aproxima más a una circunferencia; con ángulos menores los cuencos son más alargados y menos profundos. El objetivo final es proporcionan unas fórmulas empíricas para establecer la posición, tamaño y forma del cuenco de erosión en función de las características geométricas del trampolín, lo que permite analizar la potencial afección de la erosión a la estructura del trampolín, y puede servir de base para el diseño de un cuenco pre-excavado.
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