Pending conclusive evidence, use of probiotics should be considered with caution in case of active severe inflammatory bowel diseases with mucosal disruption.
Left atrial invasion by lung cancer via haematogenous pathways is a relatively uncommon but potentially life-threatening event. While several cardiac complications of cardiac involvement have been previously described, the evolution towards cerebral stroke has been rarely reported. In this case report, we describe an atypical case of haematogenous metastatic invasion of the left atrium from pulmonary neoplasm extension presenting as an ipsilateral stroke whose ASCO classification changed during the clinical management.
The effects of adrenergic stimulation on platelet aggregation (platelet aggregation ratio; PAR), β-thromboglobulin (β -TG) release and plasma thromboxane B2 (T×B2) levels were investigated in 25 healthy young volunteers. Adrenergic stimulation induced by cold application was checked by evaluating the changes in the calculated vascular resistance in the forearm. A prompt increase in platelet aggregates and plasma β -TG and T×B2 concentrations was observed after adrenergic stimulation. PAR changed from resting values of 0.97 ± 0.05 to 0.75 ± 0.08 (p < 0.001) at the end of cold application. At the same time, β -TG plasma concentration increased from 32.09 ± 19.64 to 135.48 ± 37.97 ng/ml (p < 0.001) and T×B2 plasma levels changed from 0.49 ± 0.24 to 0.99 ± 0.39 pmol/ml (p < 0.001). TxB2 levels, but not PAR and β -TG concentration came back to the resting values at the end of the observation period (10 min). Aspirin, as the lysine acetylsalicylate equivalent to 5 mg/kg i.v. of acetylsalicylic acid, although able to completely inhibit platelet cyclooxygenase failed to inhibit the plasma T×B2 increase induced by adrenergic stimulation. This strongly suggests that the increase in plasma T×B2 following adrenergic stimulation is of extraplatelet origin. Also β-TG and PAR changes were not affected by aspirin administration.
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