Due to the development of technology and experience, more and more diagnostic and interventional catheterization procedures are performed on a daily basis. In our study, a high volume of cases in a particular room and use of large catheters were important risk factors for FPA complications. When these situations are combined with other risk factors (such as obesity, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and arteriosclerosis), giving particular attention to local compression therapy would be more crucial to decrease the FPA rate.

Pulmonary functions and arterial blood gases were not improved in off-pump patients when compared with on-pump patients. Patients going to be surgically revascularized should not be altered to off-pump surgery merely with the hope of improving respiratory functions with off-pump technique. As the postoperative stay times at surgical theatre and hospital is not different and the extubation times were similar, early discharge of patients with off-pump surgery cannot be related merely to better preservation of respiratory functions.

Problems of wound healing are commonly observed after coronary bypass grafting (CABG) operations. Our aim is to determine the prevalence and the predictors of saphenous vein harvesting complications after coronary artery bypass surgery. One hundred twenty six patients operated in the specified period were included in this prospective study. In an early period 3 patients were excluded because of their mortality. Twenty patients were female and 103 were male. Forty three patients underwent an open procedure with one incision (35%), 61 patients also underwent an open procedure but with multiple incisions (49%), and 19 patients underwent a closed procedure with stripper (16%). Complications related with leg incisions after surgery were investigated. Multiple incision technique has the longest (49.28 ± 14.7 cm; p < 0.001) total incision length (compare to single incision and stripper technique). As incision length increases, the incidence of drainage ( p < 0.01), pain score ( p < 0.05), hematoma ( p < 0.05) and diffuse ecchymosis ( p < 0.05) were increased. Drainage was seen more frequently in female ( p < 0.001) and diabetic patients ( p < 0.05). Sex ( p < 0.001) and incision length ( p < 0.05) have been found independent risk factors for drainage complication. Superficial infection ( p < 0.05), pain ( p < 0.05) and dehiscence ( p < 0.05) were significantly higher in female patients. As the incision length of the multiple incision technique became longer, the risk of drainage, pain, hematoma and diffuse ecchymosis were increased. The significantly increased risk for wound complications were also seen in female gender, diabetic and obese patients.saphenectomy; saphenous vein harvesting; coronary artery bypass surgery; wound; complication © 2007 Tohoku University Medical PressDespite the widespread use and superior patency of the internal mammarian artery and other arterial conduits, the saphenous vein continues to be the most commonly used conduit for coronary artery bypass graft surgery due to its length and lack of invasiveness. Open and also closed surgical techniques exist for the harvesting greater saphenous vein. However, problems of

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ABSTRACT. This study was carried out to explore the perceptions that academicians working at faculties of education in Turkey have regarding 'constructivist teacher'. The participants of this phenomenological study included 323 academicians at 71 Faculties of Education in the spring of the 2013-2014 academic year. In the study, purposive sampling method was used among the sampling methods. Academicians completed the sentence "Constructivist teacher is like ... because ..." and the data gathered is analyzed with qualitative method. The results indicated that academicians produced 94 different metaphors regarding the constructivist teacher. These metaphors are categorized into 14 conceptual categories with regard to their common features. The metaphors indicated by all academicians and mostly-indicated ones are the following: Guide, master, maestro, director, architect, artist and democratic leader. SUMMARYPurpose and significance: The aim of this study is to define how academicians in faculties of education conceptualize "Constructivist Teacher" through metaphorical images. It has been thought that defining instructors' metaphorical images about related courses' effectiveness and efficiency will make a major contribution to solve the problems about constructivist approach and develop it. Methods: In this study, phenomenology, a qualitative research method, was used and the phenomenon of this study was accepted as the concept, Constructivist Teacher. In the study, purposive sampling method was used among the sampling methods. For this reason, a web site link which belongs to a form that had sections including age, gender, specialty, experience, title, educational background and the expression, , "A constructivist teacher is like a/an …., because …" was sent to academicians' mail addresses. A metaphor form developed by the researchers was sent to the academicians via the internet (docs.google.com) and the data were saved in the internet in a way that can only be seen by the researchers. In the study, content analysis technique was used. Results: Among all 94 metaphorical images, 54 of them were indicated by only one academician, 12 of them were indicated by only two academicians. The metaphors indicated by all academicians and mostlyindicated ones are the following: Guide, master, maestro, director, architect, artist and democratic leader. In this part, 14 conceptual categories related to Constructivist Teacher were developed. These categories are: (i) Teacher who directs student in all aspects, (ii) Teacher that only applies the rules / Teacher that only performs, (iii) Nondiscriminatory teacher that cares about diversities and values, (iv) Teacher that supports the interaction among students, (v) Teacher that guides learning, (vi) Teacher that applies cognitive steps such as analysis, synthesis, (vii) Teacher that designs instructional process, (viii) Teacher that transfers knowledge/disciplines, (ix) Teacher that supports meaningful learning and creative thinking, (x) Teacher that creates discussion environment...

Combination antiplatelet therapy with ASA and clopidogrel seems to be more effective than ASA alone for maintaining graft patency in patients with reactive thrombocytosis.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:We investigated the efficacy of pleural drainage with the use of different chest tube methods in patients after coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery.DESIGN AND SETTING:Prospective randomized study of 60 patients undergoing elective on-pump single CABG surgery.PATIENTS AND METHODS:The left internal mammary arterial grafts were harvested from all patients. The patients were separated into three groups: In one group (IC6, n=20), pleural tubes were inserted through the sixth intercostal space at the midaxillary line; in the second group (SX-r, n=20), rigid straight pleural tubes were inserted from the mediastinum through the subxiphoid area; and in the third group (SX-s, n=20), soft curved drainage tubes were inserted from the mediastinum through the subxiphoid area. The residual pleural effusion was examined by multislice CT scans within 8 hours of removal of the drainage tubes. Pain was evaluated according to standard methods.RESULTS:The groups did not differ with respect to volume of residual pleural effusion (P>.05). The IC6 group had a higher mean pain score than the other two groups (P<.05), whose mean pain scores did not differ significantly from each other (P>.05). IC6 group patients had a higher requirement for analgesics. The rate of atelectasis was higher in group IC6 (P<.05).CONCLUSION:CT scans revealed that different chest tube insertion sites have the same efficiency for draining of pleural effusion, although drainage tubes inserted through the thoracic cage may result in more severe pain.

ÖzBu araştırmanın amacı, değerler eğitiminde drama yönteminin öğrencilerin değerlere ilişkin farkındalıklarını arttırmadaki etkisini saptamaktır. Araştırma kapsamında Diyarbakır il merkezindeki altı farklı anaokulundan 11 okul öncesi öğretmeni ile değerler eğitimi dersi işleyip işlemedikleri, iş-liyorlarsa nasıl işledikleri ile ilgili görüşme yapılmıştır. Daha sonra bu görüşme bulgularından yola çıkarak değerler eğitimi konularının drama yöntemi ile işlenmesinin etkililiğine dair yarı deneysel bir çalışma yapılmıştır. Bu amaçla bir anaokulunun iki sınıfı deney ve kontrol grubu olarak belirlenmiş ve bu gruplara araştırmacılar tarafından hazırlanan ve uzman görüşü alınarak son şekli ve- The Effects Of Values Education Courses Though With Drama Techniques in The Student Awareness Levels in The Preschool Education AbstractThe purpose of this study is to determine the effects of drama technique in increasing awareness among preschool children. For this purpose, we first asked to 11 preschool teachers in Diyarbakır to learn whether they thought values in their classes and if they were teaching how they did so. We then conducted a semi experimental study to find out the effectiveness of drama technique for teaching values. For this purpose, we developed a Picture Cards Awareness Test with inputs from experts and implemented the test in two classrooms determined as control and experimental. We also developed a Family Behavior Evaluation Form to measure the views of the parents of the two groups. The collected data was then analyzed in the SPSS 20.0 software program. The results of the study show that drama was an effective technique for teaching values to preschool children.