Strongly dipolar Bose gases can form liquid droplets stabilized by quantum
fluctuations. In theoretical description of this phenomenon, low energy
scattering amplitude is utilized as an effective potential. We show that for
magnetic atoms corrections with respect to Born approximation arise, and derive
modified pseudopotential using realistic interaction model. We discuss the
resulting changes in collective mode frequencies and droplet stability diagram.
Our results are relevant for recent experiments with erbium and dysprosium
atoms.Comment: slight corrections & extension
We study the lowest energy states for fixed total momentum, i.e. yrast states, of N bosons moving on a ring. As in the paper of A. Syrwid and K. Sacha [1], we compare mean field solitons with the yrast states, being the many-body Lieb-Liniger eigenstates. We show that even in the limit of vanishing interaction the yrast states possess features typical for solitons, like phase jumps and density notches. These properties are simply effects of the bosonic symmetrization and are encoded in the Dicke states hidden in the yrast states.
We exploit a few-to many-body approach to study strongly interacting dipolar bosons in the quasi-one-dimensional system. The dipoles attract each other while the short range interactions are repulsive. Solving numerically exactly the multi-atom Schrödinger equation, we discover that such systems can exhibit not only the well known bright soliton solutions but also novel quantum droplets for a strongly coupled case. For larger systems, basing on microscopic properties of the found few-body solution, we propose a new generalization of the Gross-Pitaevskii equation (GPE) that incorporates the Lieb-Liniger energy in a local density approximation. Not only does such a framework provide an alternative mechanism of the droplet stability, but it also introduces means to further analyze this previously unexplored quantum phase. In the limiting strong repulsion case, yet another simple multi-atom model is proposed. We stress that the celebrated Lee-Huang-Yang term in the GPE is not applicable in this case.
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