This paper presents a study on the electrical properties of new polylactide-based nanocomposites with the addition of silicon-dioxide–lignin nanoparticles and glycerine as a plasticizer. Four samples were prepared with nanoparticle mass fractions ranging between 0.01 to 0.15 (0.01, 0.05, 0.10, and 0.15), and three samples were prepared without nanoparticle filler—unfilled and unprocessed polylactide, unfilled and processed polylactide, and polylactide with Fusabond and glycerine. All samples were manufactured using the melt mixing extrusion technique and injection molding. Only the unfilled and unprocessed PLA sample was directly prepared by injection molding. Dielectric properties were studied with broadband spectroscopy in a frequency range from 0.1 Hz to 1 MHz in 55 steps designed on a logarithmic scale and a temperature range from 293.15 to 333.15 K with a 5 K step. Optical properties of nanocomposites were measured with UV-VIS spectroscopy at wavelengths from 190 to 1100 nm. The experimental data show that the addition of silicon-dioxide–lignin and glycerine significantly affected the electrical properties of the studied nanocomposites based on polylactide. Permittivity and electrical conductivity show a significant increase with an increasing concentration of nanoparticle filler. The optical properties are also affected by nanofiller and cause an increase in absorbance as the number of silicon-dioxide–lignin nanoparticles increase.

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Physico-chemical properties of developed nickel-containing modified silicate materials as the nucleators for composites based on polyamide 6 are presented. As it was established, additive of the nucleator modified by polyvinylpyrrolidone promotes the increase of crystallinity degree of polyamide 6 and the decrease of crystallite size. It was found that changes in the structure of the material cause the increase of its tensile strength, surface hardness and Vicat softening point.

The regularities of expanded polystyrene (EPS) waste modified by polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) with the simultaneous gas release in various solvents were revealed. The upper sorption limit depends on the nature of the solvent, the concentration and molecular mass of the PVP, the temperature of the process, and the apparent density of the EPS. It was established that the sorption limit of PVP increases with increasing of its concentration in the system and decreases with molecular mass increasing. Based on XRD and FTIR analyses, it was determined that materials based on polyamide 6 and EPS modified by PVP have an increased crystallinity degree by 10-15%, a smaller average crystallite size and higher technological compatibility. The addition of PVP-modified EPS contributes to the increase of the yield strength of polyamide 6 by about 5%-10%. The increase of the Vicat softening point by 5-8 K and the surface hardness by 25-30 MPa of materials based on polyamide 6 and modified polystyrene was investigated. It is caused by the redistribution of intermolecular bonds between the components of the blend under by the effect of a uniformly distributed PVP in the EPS resulting in increased compatibility between the components and the compacted structure. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 60:935-943, 2020. * modified EPS; ** degassed EPS. FIG. 7 XRD patterns of mixtures on the basis of PA-6 and EPS: (a) pure PA-6; (b) mixture of PA-6 and modified EPS; (c) mixture of PA-6 and degassed EPS. EPS content 5 wt%. 1-approximation curve of diffraction; 2, 3, 4, 5optimized curves of intensity of reflexes of the planes (200)α-, (002)α-, γ-, and amorphous phase.